Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Pharmacology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Define Obtunded

A

Refers to less than full alertness (altered level of consciousness), typically as a result of a medical condition or trauma. It can appear in hypercalcaemic crisis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Gastroscopy

A

Is an examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (upper part of the small bowel) using a flexible telescope called a gastroscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Postpartum

A

Following childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Cycloplegic?

A

An eye drop that causes paralysis of the ciliary muscle, resulting in loss of accommodation for 2-48hrs, depending on the strength. Doctors use this to allow them to measure the patient’s vision problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Miotic?

A

Eye drop that constricts the pupil. Used to treat glaucoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Mydriatic?

A

Eye drop that dilates the pupil. Used for certain eye exams and treatment of eye inflammations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is donepezil (Aricept)

A

Donepezil is used to treat confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer’s disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is erythropoietin (Eprex)

A

used to increase the production of red blood cells and decrease the need for transfusions of red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

Fluoxetine is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, a certain eating disorder (bulimia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the antidote for Magnesium sulfate?

A

Calcium Gluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the antidote for Heparin/Low Molecular weight heparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the antidote for Warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the antidote for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)?

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the antidote for Opiates?

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the antidote for Digoxin?

A

Digibind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the antidote for Iron?

A

Deferoxamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can decrease absorption of medication?

A

Area of absorptive surface, Blood flow, Pain, Stress, Disease, Diet, Route, Drug formulation & Other drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drinking water with medication can increase absorption of medication. Increasing absorption may do what to the onset of the medication?

A

txtbook

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can constipation increase absorption of medications?

A

txtbook

21
Q

What are some factors, other than the aging process, that may affect distribution of medications?

A

Blood flow, Solubility & Protein binding

22
Q

What are idiosyncratic effects?

A

non documented drug effect, likely due to individual genetics (unpredictable/unexplained)

23
Q

Review metabolism and excretion of medications.

A

Refers to the chemical alteration of a drug by the body
process in which the drug is changed to a water soluble form so it can be excreted.
When a drug is metabolized in can become one of three…
1. Inactive metabolite (no longer able to work in the body)
2. Active metabolite (metabolized but still able to work in the body)
3. Pro drug (a drug that doesn’t become active until it is metabolized)

Factors affecting metabolism are:
 Liver failure 
 Genetics
 Environment and other drugs
 Age
24
Q

What are Antagonistic effects?

A

when two drugs compete for absorption or protein binding sites resulting in a less then desired therapeutic effect for one or both drugs

25
Q

What are Synergistic effects?

A

different drugs given together to increase the action of one of the drugs

26
Q

How do adrenergic agonists work?

A

Produce fight or flight response; Mimics sympathetic neurotransmitters (epinephrine and norepinephrine);

27
Q

What are some common side/adverse effects of adrenergic agonist medications?

A

Tachycardia; Hypertension; Palpations; Dry Mouth

28
Q

How do adrenergic blockers work?

A

Block alpha and beta receptor sites; Indirectly inhibit the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine;

29
Q

What are some side effects of adrenergic blockers?

A

orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, drowsiness

30
Q

How do cholinergic agonists work?

A

mimic the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

31
Q

What is the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins?

A

Fat Soluble: Metabolized slowly, stored in fatty tissue of liver and muscles, excreted in urine slowly, includes A D E K.
Water Soluble: Not stored in body, readily excreted in urine. Includes Vitamin B12, B complex, Vitamin C, & Folic Acid

32
Q

Why is vitamin K essential for?

A

Required for synthesis of prothrombin & clotting factors

33
Q

What is vitamin B12 essential for?

A

Helps in the formation of red blood cells
Maintenance of the CNS- keeps nerves working properly
Essential for DNA synthesis

34
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

35
Q

What are some possible adverse effects of K+ supplementation?

A

Changes in cardiac rhythm, skeletal muscle irritability, damage to veins (IV)

36
Q

What are some possible side effects of iron supplementation?

A

Constipation

37
Q

What vitamin is given with calcium to enhance absorption?

A

Vitamin D

38
Q

What are some side effects of magnesium? What GI issue may it be used to treat?

A

Used as a laxative for constipation. Side effects may include diarrhea.

39
Q

What is warfarin used to treat? What does it do? What is the antidote? Health teaching?

A

Warfarin is an anti-coagulant ( blood thinner); Antidote is Vitamin K; INR Bloodwork should be done

40
Q

What is heparin used to treat? What does it do? What is the antidote?

A

Heparin is an Anticoagulant used to Prevent clot formation in veins; do not dissolve existing clots. Antidote is Protamine Sulfate.

41
Q

What is the difference between thrombolytic drugs, anti-platelets, and anti-coagulants?

A

Anticoagulants prevent clot formation
Antiplatelet suppress platelet aggregation
Thrombolytic are clot busters

42
Q

What are antilipidemics used to treat?

A

Cholesterol

43
Q

What are adverse effects of statins?

A

textbook

44
Q

What are the actions of bile acid sequestrants?

A

Bind bile acids, which contain a high concentration of cholesterol. Because of their large size, resins are not absorbed from the small intestine and the bound bile acids and cholesterol are eliminated in the feces.

45
Q

What is furosemide used to treat? What is the effect of this medication on BP?

A

Heart Failure & Kidney Disease; Loop Diuretic; Potassium-Wasting; Lower BP

46
Q

Name the indication for erythropoietin [epoietin (Eprex)] and nursing considerations when administering this medication.

A

textbook

47
Q

What classifications of rescue inhalers given to patients with acute asthma? Examples? Health teaching?

A

textbook

48
Q

What classifications of maintenance inhalers administered to patients with asthma and COPD? Examples? Health teaching?

A

textbook

49
Q

What are antitussives used to treat, and what are some common side effects?

A

Used to suppress cough reflex. Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea, constipation, or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur.

Applied Pharmacology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions