Final Flashcards
Lecture
Respiratory System Functions
gas exchange
cas conditioning
protection
vocalization
regulate blood pH
Gas Conditioning
warms, moistens, and filters air
2 structural divisions of respiratory system
upper respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract
2 functional divisions of the respiratory system
conducting zone
respiratory zone
function of conducting zone
conducts/conditions air
function of respiratory zone
gas exchange
what 3 structures make up the upper respiratory tract
paranasal sinuses
nasal cavity
pharynx
Paranasal sinuses SD
Upper
Paranasal sinuses FD
conducting
Nasal Cavity SD
Upper
nasal cavity FD
conducting
nasal cavity lining
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
nasal cavity lining mods
goblet cells
cilia
goblet cell function
secrete mucus
cilia function
move mucus/trapped particles
borders of nasal cavity
superior border
inferior border
anterior border
posterior border
lateral border
medial border
superior border of nasal cavity structures
olfactory epithelium
inferior border of nasal cavity structures
hard palate
anterior border of nasal cavity structures
nostrils
nasal vestibules
nasal vestibules lined by ___
hairs
posterior border structures
choana
lateral border structures
conchae
meati
where do meati exist in the nasal cavity
in between each concha
medial border structures
nasal septum
pharynx SD
Upper
pharynx FD
conducting
the pharynx is the common passageway between ____ and ____
nasal cavity
oral cavity
3 parts of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx goes from ____ to ____
pharyngeal tonsils
soft palate
nasopharynx is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
oropharynx goes from ____ to ____
soft palate
epiglottis
oropharynx is lined by
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
laryngopharynx goes from ____ to ____
epiglottis
cricoid cartilage
laryngopharynx is lined by
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lower respiratory tract structures
larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
terminal bronchioles
alveoli
larynx SD
lower
larynx FD
conducting
what does the larynx produce
sound
larynx connecte ____ to ____
pharynx
trachea
larynx contains
cartilages
ligaments
muscles
superior part of the larynx is lined by
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
inferior part of the larynx is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
3 major cartilages in larynx
thyroid cart.
cricoid cart.
epiglottis
thyroid cartilage is composed of
hyaline cart.
what is the most anterior part of the thyroid cartilage called
laryngeal prominence
thyrohyoid membrane connects ____ to ____
thyroid cart.
hyoid
cricoid cartilage is composed of
hyaline cart.
cricoid cart is (inferior/superior) to thyroid cart.
inferior
cricothyroid ligament connects ____ to ____
cricoid cart.
thyroid cart.
epiglottis composed of
elastic cart.
epiglottis purpose
prevents choking
3 minor cartilages of larynx
arytenoid cart.
corniculate cart.
cuneiform cart.
arytenoid cart.
triangular structures superior to cricoid cart.
corniculate cart.
horn-shaped structures on apex of each arytenoid cart.
cuneiform cart.
club-shaped structures anterior to corniculate cart.
structures of voice production
vestibular folds
vocal folds
vestibular folds are (superior/inferior) to vocal folds
superior
another name for vestibular folds
false vocal cords(don’t produce sound)
another name for vocal folds
true vocal cords(produce sound)
vocal ligaments are (superficial/deep) to vocal folds
deep
rima glottidis
space between vocal folds
trachea SD
lower
trachea FD
conducting
trachea is (anterior/posterior) to esophagus
anterior
trachea is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
structures in trachea
tracheal cartilages
anular ligaments
carina
tracheal cartilages composed of
hyaline cart.
tracheal cartilage shape
c-shaped rings
carina
where the trachea splits into R/L sides
bronchial tree SD
lower
bronchial tree
highly branched system of conducting passages
bronchial tree FD
conducting
bronchial tree location
in lungs
branching order of bronchial tree
(largest->smallest)
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
anatomical changes from primary bronchi to bronchioles
cartilage decreases
smooth muscle increases
lining of primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
lining of larger bronchioles
ciliated simple columnar w/ goblet cells
lining of smaller bronchioles
ciliated simple columnar w/o goblet cells
bronchioles structure
thick layer of smooth muscle
lining of terminal bronchioles
nonciliated simple columnar
bronchoconstriction
smooth muscle contracts
bronchodilation
smooth muscle relaxes
bronchioles branch into ___
terminal bronchioles
terminal bronchioles are the ____
end of the conducting zone
respiratory zone includes
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli
lining of superior respiratory bronchioles
simple cuboidal epithelium
lining of inferior respiratory bronchioles
simple squamous epithelium
lining of alveolar ducts
simple squamous epithelium
lining of alveoli
simple squamous epithelium
alveoli function
site of gas exchange
alveoli are surrounded by ____
pulmonary capillaries
3 cell types in alveoli
type I alveolar cells
type II alveolar cells
alveolar macrophages
type I alveolar cells function
gas exchange
type II alveolar cells function
secrete pulmonary surfactant
alveolar macrophages function
protection
digestive system is made of
organs that break down food into smaller molecules
digestive system consists of
gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract)
accessory organs
functions of digestive system
ingestion
digestion
secretion
absorption
defacation
ingestion
bringing in food/fluid