Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is ANATOMY the study of?
Structure
What is PHYSIOLOGY the study of?
Function
What are the two CATEGORIES OF ANATOMY?
- Microscopic Anatomy
- Gross Anatomy
What does MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY study?
structures that require magnification
(cannot be seen w/ the naked eye)
What is CYTOLOGY the study of?
cells
What is HISTOLOGY the study of?
tissues
What does GROSS ANATOMY study?
structures visible w/o magnification
What does REGIONAL ANATOMY observe?
specific body regions
What does SYSTEMIC ANATOMY observe?
specific organ systems
What are the LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION in order (smallest to largest)?
1) Chemical Level (Atoms -> Molecules)
2) Cellular Level
3) Tissue Level
4) Organ Level
5) Organ System Level
6) Organismal Level
What is the role of an ATOM in the body?
smallest structural component
What is the role of a CELL in the body?
smallest structural AND functional component
What is a TISSUE?
2 or more related CELLS performing specialized functions
What are the 4 TYPES OF TISSUES found w/in the body?
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
What is an ORGAN?
2 or more TISSUES performing specific tasks
What is an ORGAN SYSTEM?
related ORGANS working together to perform specific functions
T/F
Organisms can be affected by mistakes at the CHEMICAL LEVEL
TRUE - if something is incorrect at the chemical level, it causes issues that go up the organizational ladder and affect the quality of function for each level
What is the purpose for STANDARDIZED ANATOMICAL LANGUAGE?
Leaves less room for error and possible misconstruction
What is the DEFINITION for Anatomical Position?
standard universal position to compare structures of the body
What is the STANDARD UNIVERSAL POSITION TO COMPARE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY called?
Anatomical Position
What are the QUALITIES of Anatomical Position?
(SHAPF)
- Standing upright
- Head level, looking forward
- Arms at side
- Palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body
- Feet parallel on floor
What does ANTERIOR mean?
toward front surface
What is the term for “toward front surface”
(face of dog)
Anterior
What does POSTERIOR mean?
toward back surface
What is the term for “toward back surface”?
(butt of dog)
Posterior
What does VENTRAL mean?
toward belly side
What is the term for “toward belly side”?
(belly of dog)
Ventral
What does DORSAL mean?
toward back side
What is the term for “toward back side”?
(back of dog)
Dorsal
What does SUPERIOR mean?
toward topmost point
What is the term for “toward topmost point”?
Superior
What does INFERIOR mean?
toward bottommost point
What is the term for “toward bottommost point”?
Inferior
What does MEDIAL mean?
toward midline
What is the term for “toward midline”?
Medial
What does LATERAL mean?
toward side
What is the term for “toward side”?
Lateral
What does DEEP mean?
further toward the inside compared to another structure
What is the term for “closer to the inside as compared to another structure”?
Deep
What does SUPERFICIAL mean?
closer to the outside compared to another structure
What is the term for “closer to the outside compared to another structure”
Superficial
What does PROXIMAL mean?
closer to point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure
What is the term for “closer to point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure”?
Proximal
What does DISTAL mean?
farther from point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure
What is the term for “farther from point of attachment to trunk compared to another structure”?
Distal
The heart is DEEP/SUPERFICIAL to the ribcage.
Deep
The ribcage is DEEP/SUPERFICIAL to the heart.
Superficial
The elbow is PROXIMAL/DISTAL to the wrist.
Proximal
The wrist is PROXIMAL/DISTAL to the elbow.
Distal
What does the CORONAL PLANE divide the body into?
(coroner)
Anterior/Posterior
(Front/Back)
What plane divides the body into ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR?
(coroner)
Coronal Plane
What does the TRANSVERSE PLANE divide the body into?
(verse)
Superior/Inferior
(Top/Bottom)
What plane divides the body into SUPERIOR/INFERIOR?
(verse)
Transverse Plane
What does the MIDSAGITTAL PLANE divide the body into?
(middle)
EQUAL Right/Left sides
What plane divides the body into EQUAL RIGHT/LEFT SIDES?
(middle)
Midsagittal Plane
What does the PARASAGITTAL PLANE divide the body into?
(paranormal)
UNEQUAL Right/Left sides
Which plane divides the body into UNEQUAL RIGHT/LEFT SIDES?
(paranormal)
Parasagittal
How does the OBLIQUE PLANE divide the body?
(obtuse)
at an oblique angle (not 90°)
