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final Flashcards

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1
Q

harlow and attachment

A

attachment: a deep emotional bond that an infant forms with its primary caregiver

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2
Q

Harlow rhesus monkey studies

A
  • took monkey away from their mothers and put them in cages with a blanket
  • he found that the monkey became attached to the blankets like they would if it were their mother
  • means there is a preference for contact comfort
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3
Q

styles of attachment

A

strange situation test
secure attachment
insecure attachment

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4
Q

strange situation test

A

a parent-infant “separation and reunion” procedure that is staged in a lab to test the security of a child’s attachment

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5
Q

secure attachment

A

a parent-infant relationship in which the baby is secure when the parent is present, distressed by separation, and delighted by reunion

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6
Q

insecure attachment

A

a parent-infant relationship in which the baby clings to the parent, cries at separation, and reacts with anger or apathy to reunion

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7
Q

Piaget’s stages of development

A

sensorimotor stage
pre operational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operation stage

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8
Q

sensorimotor stage

A
  • babies
  • objects exists only for the moment in which the baby can see it, with the hope that they develop object permanence
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9
Q
A
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9
Q

object permanence

A

allows babies to be aware that the object still exists even when it “disappears” from sight

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10
Q

pre operational stage

A
  • ages 2-6
  • child uses symbols, but doesn’t reason logically
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11
Q

concrete operational stage

A
  • ages 7-12
  • child thinks logically about concrete ideas, can add and subtract, as well as understand conversations they overhear
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12
Q

formal operational stage

A
  • age 12-“adult” aka adolescent
  • can reason and think abstractly
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13
Q

Kohlberg’s levels of moral reasoning

A

pre conventional level
conventional level
post conventional level

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14
Q

pre conventional level

A

moral dilemmas are resolved to satisfy self-serving motives

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15
Q

self serving motives

A

an act is moral if it enables someone to avoid punishment or obtain reward

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16
Q

conventional level

A

resolved in a way that reflects laws and social norms
- an act is moral if it meets with social approval or maintains the social order

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17
Q

post conventional level

A

resolving dilemmas based on abstract principles (ex: equality, justice, value of life)
- an act is moral if it affirms one’s own conscience – even if it violates the law

18
Q

implicit association test (IAT)

A

a test that measures the strength of association between concepts
- how closely do people’s brains link certain concepts together

19
Q

individualistic vs collectivistic cultural differences

A

individualistic culture: a person is raised in a culture that discounts the situation and, instead, emphasizes the individual as unique and autonomous

collectivistic culture: take a more holistic view that focuses on the relationship between personal and their social roles

20
Q

James-Long theory

A

the perception of danger causes our heart to pound as you run for cover—and it’s this physiological and behavioral reaction that causes you to become afraid

21
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

emotion originates in the thalamus, the part of the brain that simultaneously relays messages from the sensory organs to the automatic nervous system (arousal), skeletal muscles (motor behavior), and cerebral cortex (conscious thought)

22
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary activities of the heart, lungs, and other organs

the adrenal glands secrete more of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline), which increases the heart rate and blood pressure and heighten the physiological arousal

23
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

restores the body to its pre mobilized calm state

the heart stops racing, blood pressure is lowered, the pupils contract, breathing slows down, saliva flows again, digestive system resumes its normal functions, and energy is conserved

as adrenaline levels slowly diminish, the intensity of our feelings gradually decreases, thereby enabling us to relax

24
Q

coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

a narrowing of the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

it is a common effect of stress and leading cause of death in the US

25
Q

CHD factors

A

hyperextension
high blood pressure
smoking
high cholesterol
results: heart attack

26
Q

stress

A

an aversive state of arousal that is triggered by the perception that an event threatens our ability to cope effectively

26
Q
A
27
Q

stress categories

A

catastrophes
major life
daily hassles

28
Q

eustress

A

a stressor that one interprets as having beneficial effects
ex: going on a date

29
Q

distress

A

that stressor that one interprets as having harmful effects
ex: divorce

30
Q

influences of health beliefs

A

health benefits: knowledges, attitudes, and expectations that people have about their health

health behaviors: the actions people take to achieve and maintain good health, promote wellness, and prevent illness

31
Q

health onion

A

model for understanding health behaviors focusing on 4 behaviors of etiology
1. individual lifestyle factors
2. social and community networks
3. living and working conditions
4. general socioeconomic, cultural, environment conditions

32
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a condition in which an individual develops two or more distinct identities

aka as multiple personality disorder

33
Q

PTSD

A

a psychological disorder that develops as a result of exposure to a traumatic event

it is the only DSM-5 disorder that requires exposure to a traumatic event for diagnosis

34
Q

ptsd can be caused by:

A
  1. experiencing a traumatic event
  2. witnessing an event as it occurred to others
  3. learning that the traumatic event happened to a close friend or loved one
35
Q

carl rogers

A

noticed that his clients had a strong sense of self and an inner drive to grow, improve, and fulfill their potential

he created the humanistic approach
two types: person-centered and gestalt-therapy

36
Q

humanist approach

A

all the therapist has to do is provide warmth, a gentle, guiding hand, and a climate of uncritical acceptance, resulting in clients finding the way to happiness and personal fulfillment

37
Q

barbiturates

A

anxiety drug
combats anxiety by depressing central nervous system

38
Q

depression and the brain

A

depression is associated with lower-than -needed norepinephrine levels (a chemical that is found in the part of the brain that regulates mood and emotion)
depression is also linked with serotonin

39
Q

anxiety hierarchy

A

a graduated sequence of fear-provoking situations that you rate on a 100 point scale

second step of the three step procedure of systematic desensitization

40
Q

prozac

A

most widely used antidepressant drug

can make serotonin release more efficient without affecting other neurotransmitters

41
Q

Milgram’s obedience experiments

A
  • 1000 participants were put in a situation where they were ordered to administer painful shocks to “the learner”
  • the participants thought the were “teachers” testing the effect of punishment on learned and each time the “learner” made a mistake, they were told to deliver a shock of increasing intensity
  • participants could not see the learner but could hear the grunts of pain, objections, loud screams, and eventual silence
  • at each step, the participants were ordered to continue up the shock scale
42
Q

milgram’s results

A

65% of participants delivered the ultimate punishment of 450 volts

this studied the power of authority

gen psych 1630 (12 decks)

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