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PHARM > FINAL! > Flashcards

FINAL! Flashcards

1
Q

ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

MED
USED FOR
RECEPTORS (4 KINDS)

A

EPINEPHRINE

USED IN ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK TO INCREASE BP, HR, AIR IN LUNGS!!!!!!

PUPIL DILATION, BRONCHODILATION

ALPHA 1 (NASAL CONGESTION, HYPO, DILATE PUPILS
ALPHA 2 (HYPER)
BETA 1 (CARDIAC ARREST, HF, SHOCK)
BETA 2 (ASTHMA, PRE LABOR CTX)

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2
Q

ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS
BETA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKER

MED
TREAT
DECREASE
S/E

A

ATENOLOL

TREAT HTN, ANGINA, PROPHYLAXIS, MI

DECREASE HR AND BP, CTX, CARDIAC OUTPUT

S/E = BRADYCARDIA, HYPO, HA, DIZZY, BRONCHOSPASM

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3
Q

CHOLINERGIC AGONIST

MED
INCREASE
S/E

A

BETHANECHOL CHLORIDE

INCREASE URINE!!!!!

S/E: HYPO, TACHY, SALIVATE, INCREASE ACID, D

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4
Q

ANTICHOLINERGIC

MED
DECREASE
INCREASE
BLOCKS
S/E

A

ATROPINE

DECREASE SALIVARY AND RESPIRATORY!!!
INCREASE HR!!!, DILATE PUPILS

BLOCKS ACETYLCHOLINE

S/E: DRY MOUTH, BLUR, TACHY, C, URINARY RETENTION

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5
Q

ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ACT IN WHAT 3 WAYS?

A

-INCREASE GABA (INHIBIT NEUROTRANSMITTERS)

-SUPPRESS SODIUM INFLUX

-SUPPRESS CALCIUM INFLUX

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6
Q

ANTISEIZURE: PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN)

S/E

A

S/E: DEPRESS, SUICIDE, STEVEN, VFIB, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, LEUKOPENIA, N/V, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA!!!, NYSTAGMUS, C, DROWSY

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7
Q

ANTISEIZURE: VALPROIC ACID

A/E

A

A/E = HEPATOTOXICITY (LIVER)

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8
Q

ALZHEIMERS (ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR)

MED
INCREASE
DECREASE

A

RIVASTIGMINE (EXELON)

INCREASE ACH AND COGNITIVE
DECREASE DISEASE PROCESS

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9
Q

PARKINSONS (CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS)

MED
BLOCK
S/E
INTERVENTIONS

A

TRIHEXYPHENIDYL (ARTANE)

BLOCK ACH

S/E: N/V, BLUR, CONFUSE, DRY, C, DIZZY, RESTLESSNESS, ANXIETY, TACHY, URINE RETENTION

MONITOR UO, INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS, NO ASPIRIN, AVOID GLAUCOMA

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10
Q

PARKINSONS (DOPAMINERGICS)

MED
WHAT IS CONVERTED
INTERVENTIONS

A

CARBIDOPA-LEVODOPA (SINEMET)

LEVODOPA CONVERTED TO DOPAMINE

DONT CRUSH EXTEND RELEASE, LOW PROTEIN FOOD, NO VB6 (DECREASE LEVODOPA), HARMLESS BROWN DISCOLORATION URINE AND SWEAT , “ON - OFF”

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11
Q

ANTIPSYCHOTICS

NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
S/S
TX

A

S/S = BAD MENTAL, SEIZURE, MUSCLE RIGID, FEVER, SWEAT, TACHY, BP FLUCTUATION, RENAL FAIL, RESP FAIL, COMA

TX= STOP ANTIPSYCHOTICS, WATER, HYPOTHERMIC BLANKETS, ANTIPYRETICS, BENZOS AND MUSCLE RELAC

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12
Q

ANTIPSYCHOTICS
CONVENTIONAL (TYPICAL)

A

HALOPERIDOL (HALDOL)

BLOCKS POSITIVE SYMPTOMS, ALTERS DOPAMINE

TX= ACUTE PSYCHOSES, ADHD, SCHIZO, TOURETTE

NON-PHENOTHIAZINES

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE DIFFFERENT

INCREASE SEDATION WITH ALCOHOL, INCREASE TOXICITY WITH ANTICHOLINERGICS, DEPRESSANTS

DECREASE EFFECTS WITH PHENOBARBITAL, CARBAMAZEPINE, COFFEE

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13
Q

ANTIPSYCHOTICS
ATYPICAL

S/E

A

ARIPIPRAZOLE (ABILIFY)

TREAT + AND -
WEIGHT GAIN, DM, DROWSY, DYSLIPIDEMIA

S/E = FEWER THAN PHENO AND NONPHENO, WEIGHT LOSS AND GAIN!!!!

AGONIST @ DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN RECEPTORS
NO RISK FOR BIRTH DEFECTS
METABOLIC SYNDROME

NO EPS
FIRST LINE THERAPY

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14
Q

ANXIOLYTICS
BENZODIAZEPINES

LORAZEPAM (ATIVAN)
S/E
TEACHING

A

S/E: SEDATION, DIZZY, HA, DRY MOUTH, DECREASE VISION, CONSTIPATION, DECREASE SEX, EUPHORIA, DROWSY, RESTLESS
A/E: LEUKOPENIA

CONTRAINDICATION W PREGNANCY

INCREASE GABA

ANXIETY, STATUS EPILEPTICUS, INSOMNIA

BC, SMOKING, CAFFEINE, ANTACIDS DECREASE EFFECTS

KAVA = SEDATIVE

SMOKING INCREASE CLEARANCE

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15
Q

ANTIDEPRESSANTS
TRICYCLICS

BLOCKS

A

BLOCK REUPTAKE OF NOREPIN AND SEROTONIN
BLOCK HISTAMINE

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16
Q

ANTIDEPRESSANTS
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)

FLUOXETINE (PROZAC)

BLOCKS
TREATS

A

BLOCK REUPTAKE OF SEROTONIN
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE, ANXIETY, OCD, PANIC, PHOBIAS, PTSD

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17
Q

ANTIDEPRESSANTS
SEROTONIN NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SNRIs)

VENLAFAXINE (EFFEXOR)

S/E
A/E

A

INHIBIT REUPTAKE OF SEROTONIN AND NORE, NERVE FIBERS

MAJOR DEPRESSION, GENERAL ANXIETY AND SOCIAL

S/E: DROWSY, DIZZY, INSOMNIA, HA, EUPHORIA, AMNESIA, BLURRED VISION, PHOTOSENSITIVITY, DECREASE EJACULATION

A/E: O HYPOTENSION, HTN, ANGIOEDEMA, BLOOD DYSCRASIAS, SUICIDE, STEVEN JOHNSON

+ ST JOHNS WORT = RISK OF SEROTONIN SYNDROME

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18
Q

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

SEROTONIN SYNDROME

A

HAPPENS HOURS OF TAKING A NEW MED
INCREASING MED PATIENT IS ON

FEVER, SEIZURES, RESTLESSNESS, HIGH BP, LOSS OF MUSCLE, RIGIDITY, DIAPHORETIC, WEIRD HR, TACHYCARDIC

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19
Q

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAO-I)

A

DECREASE EFFECT OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE (INACTIVATES NORE, DOPA, EPINE, SERO)

DRUG INTERACTION: VASOCONSTRICTORS AND COLD MEDS (PHENYLEPHRINE AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE) = HTN CRISIS

FOOD INTERACTION: TYRAMINE = HTN CRISIS

S/E: O HYPOTENSION, INSOMNIA, ANTICHOLINERGIC AFFECTS

INCREASE BP AND HR

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20
Q

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

PATIENT TEACHING!!!

DO NOT USE WHAT AFTER STOPPING WHAT

A

8 WEEKS FOR IMPROVE

DO NOT USE SSRI, TCA, AND OTHER ANTIDEPRESSANTS FOR 14 DAYS AFTER STOPPING MAOI = SEROTONIN SYNDROME

TCA NO SMOKING (DECREASE EFFECT)

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21
Q

MOOD STABILIZERS

MED
S/E
TEACH

A

LITHIUM CARBONATE

S/E: HA, LETHARGY,N/V, MEMORY LOSS, HAND TREMORS, PERIPHERAL EDEMA, DEHYDRATION, POLYURIA, METALLIC TASTE!!!!!

A/E: DYSRHYTHMIAS, SEIZURE, CARDIAC ARREST, DIABETES INSIPIDUS

DECREASE SODIUM = INCREASE LITHIUM!!!!!!!

PATIENT TEACHING!!!
AVOID OPERATING MACHINES
1 TO 2 WEEKS
AVOID CAFFEINE, CRASH DIET, NSAID, DIURETICS
NO BABY
NO ACTIVITIES = SODIUM LOSS!!!

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22
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

MED
INTERVENTIONS

A

DIGOXIN

INTERVENTIONS:
APICAL PULSE RATE BEFORE GIVING
PERIPHERAL AND PULMONARY EDEMA
K (HYPOKALEMIA)
HOLD IF HR <60!!!!

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23
Q

ANTIANGINALS

MED
TEACH
INTERVE

A

NITROGLYCERIN

TEACHING:
HA COMMON (DECREASE)
ACETAMINOPHEN FOR PAIN
DO NOT CHEW OR SWALLOW SL TABLETS. UNDER TONGUE AND DISSOLVE OR BUCCAL POUCH

INTERVENTIONS
MONITOR ECG
AVOID ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE, TOBACCO

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24
Q

DIURETICS

THIAZIDE AND THIAZIDE LIKE (HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE HCTZ)

ACTION
TREAT
LOSS
CAUSE
TAKE IN

A

ACTION: DISTAL CONVOLUTED RENAL TUBULE TO PROMOTE SODIUM, CHLORIDE, WATER EXCRETION

TREAT: HTN, PERIPHERAL EDEMA, HF, CAN USE WITH ACE

LOSS OF SODIUM, K!!!, MAG,
CAUSE HYPERCALCEMIA

TAKE IN AM

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25
Q

DIURETICS

LOOP - FUROSEMIDE (LASIX)

MORE WHAT IN NEPHRON
USED
GIVE SLOW WHY
DIGOXIN CAUSES

A

MOST POWERFUL
MORE SODIUM IN NEPHRON (WATER IN NEPHRON INSTEAD BLOOD)

USED FOR HF, ASCITES, PULMONARY EDEMA, HTN, HYPERCALCEMIA

INCREASE RENAL BLOOD FLOW

GIVE SLOW (HEARING LOSS)
HYPOKALEMIA!!! (DIGOXIN K LEVELS)

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26
Q

DIURETICS

POTASSIUM SPARING (SPIRONOLACTONE-ALDACTONE)

CONSERVES
USED FOR
A/E
GIVE IN
AVOID

A

DOES NOT AFFECT K LEVELS
RID OF NA AND WATER

USED FOR EDEMA, HTN, HF, HYPOKALEMIA

A/E HYPERKALEMIA

GIVE IN AM

AVOID HIGH K FOODS, SALT SUBSTITUTES

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27
Q

DIURETICS

OSMOTIC (MANNITOL - OSMITROL)

INCREASE
DECREASE (2)

A

INCREASE OSMOTIC PRESSURE
REDUCE PLASMA VOLUME

USED DECREASE ICP AND INTRAOCULAR (GLAUCOMA)

CI: HF AND RENAL FAIL

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28
Q

ANTIHTN

BETA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS

MED
DECREASE
TREAT
BAD FOR WHO

A

METOPROLOL

SELECTIVE: BLOCK BETA 1 (HEART)

DECREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT (SNS), HR, CTX, BP

TREAT HTN, STABLE ANGINA, DYSRHYTHMIAS, MIGRAINES, GLAUCOMA, ANXIETY

HF (PULMONARY EDEMA, WEIGHT GAIN)

BAD FOR PREGO (C)

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29
Q

ANTIHTN

CENTRALLY ACTING ALPHA 2 AGONISTS
MED
DECREASE
USED FOR
WHAT KIND OF RETENTION

A

CLONIDINE - CATAPRES

DECREASE SNS, CO, EPI, NOREPI, RENIN RELEASE

USED FOR DIFFICULT HTN

WATER AND SODIUM RETENTION

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30
Q

ANTIHTN

ACE INHIBITORS

MED
RESPONSE
USED FOR
S/E
WHO MAY NOT RESPOND

A

ENALOPRIL (VASOTEC)

ALONE OR W DIURETICS

VASODILATION, LOW BP, DECREASED HEART WORK

USED HF, POST MI

S/E: DRY COUGH!!!, TACHY, HYPERKALEMIA, ANGIOEDEMA!!! (LIPS SWELL), RENAL FAIL

BLACKS MAY NOT RESPOND

NO PREGO
NO K DIURETICS
NO SALT SUBS WITH K

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31
Q

ANTI HTN

ANGIOTENSION 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBS)

MED
NO WHAT
RESPONSE
EXCRETE
USED

A

VALSARTAN (DIOVAN)

SAME AS ACE (FEWER SE) NO COUGH!!
VASODILATION DECREASED SVR AND BP
EXCRETE SODIUM AND WATER

USED FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY (TYPE 2), HF

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32
Q

ANTI HTN

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCBS)

MEDS (2)
MORE/LESS
BLOCK WHAT CAUSES WHAT

A

DIHYDROPYRIDINES (NIFEDIPINE)
MORE VASODILATION
LESS HEART FUNCTION

NON DIHYDROPYRIDINES (DILTIAZEM)
LESS VASODILATION
MORE HEART
WORSE HF

BLOCK CA = WEAK CTX

REFLEX TACHY (BP DROPS = INCREASE HR)

C (FIBER), ORAL CLEAN (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA)

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33
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS

HEPARIN

PREVENT
WHAT MONITORS
ANTIDOTE
BEFORE STOPPING GIVE WHAT

A

PREVENT AND TREAT BLOOD CLOTS
SQ OR IV

APTT MONITORS HEP!!!! (ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME)

S/E (BLEED, HIT, OSTEOPOROSIS)

PROTAMINE SULFATE IV (ANTIDOTE)!!!

BEFORE STOPPING, GIVE WARFARIN (ORAL)

SAFE FOR PREGO BUT BLEEDING DURING LAST AND DELIVERY

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34
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARINS

LAB
MED
ANTIDOTE

A

MORE STABLE

APTT NOT REQUIRED-CAN GIVE AT HOME!!

ENOXAPARIN (LOVENOX)!!

SQ 1-2X DAILY ABD

NO ASPIRIN OR IBU

PROTAMINE SULFATE ANTIDOTE!!

CI: STROKE, PEPTIC ULCER, BLOOD ANOMALIES

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35
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS

ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS

MED
LABS
ANTIDOTE

A

WARFARIN (COUMADIN)

PROLONG CLOTTING
MONITORED BY PROTHROMBIN TIME PT!!!

DOSAGE - INR LAB!!!!
NORMAL <1.1
ON WARFARIN (2-3)
>3 BLEEDING

VITAMIN K ANTIDOTE (PHYTONADIONE-AQUAMEPHYTON)!!!

PREVENT THROMBOEMBOLIC
NO ASPIRIN

36
Q

ANTIPLATELETS

ASPIRIN

PREVENT
S/E

A

INHIBIT CYCLOOXYGENASE

PREVENT AND TREAT MI, THROMBOEMBOLISM, MAINTAIN GRAFTS, TIA, STROKES

S/E (BLEED, GI)

INTERA (NSAID, ANTICOAGULANTS)

37
Q

ANTIPLATELETS

CLOPIDOGREL (PLAVIX)

PREVENT
S/E A/E

A

PREVENT SECOND EVENT OF MI OR STROKE

S/E (EPISTAXIS, HA, HEMATOMA, GI, PURPURA, RASH, PRURITIS)

A/E (BLEED, PEPTIC ULCER, INTRACRANIAL BLEED)

38
Q

ANTIPLATELET

INTERVENTION
TEACHING

A

INTERVENTION
ALLERGY TO ASPIRIN
MONITOR PLATELET
OBSERVE BLEED

TEACH
TAKE WITH MEALS
AVOID PRODUCT W ASPIRIN NSAIDS
ALCOHOL = BLEED

39
Q

THROMBOLYTICS

MED
CI

A

ALTEPLASE T-PA (ACTIVASE)

DISSOLVE CLOTS

FOR MI, THROMBOLIC STROKE, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, DVT, NONCORONARY ARTERIAL OCCULSION

S/E BLEED

CI: INTERNAL BLEED, BLEED DISORDERS, ANEURYSM, SURGERY, TRAUMA, !!!!!!
PREGNANT: MISCARRIAGE 5 MONTHS, CI IF BIRTH PAST 24 HRS

NO ASPIRIN NSAID
NO INJECTIONS

ARM LEG PAIN

40
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

PENICILLIN

S/E
A/E
INTERVEN

A

S/E: ALLERGY, D/N, VOMIT, PAIN @ INJECTION

A/E: BACTERIAL RESISTANCE, ALLERGIC, C.DIFF, RASH, PRURITUS, D/N, FEVER, DROWSY, ANAPHYLAXIS (ANGIOEDEMA, CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE, CARDIAC ARREST, NEPHROTOXICITY)

INTERVENTIONS: SUPERIN, C/S, ALLERGIC TO 1 AND 2 DOSE

41
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

CEPHALOSPORINS

MED
S/E
A/E
INTERVEN

A

CEFTIAXONE

ALLERGIC TO PCN

S/E: N/V/D, CLOTTING (BLEED)!!!!

A/E: NEPHROTOXICITY, STEVENS, ANAPHYLAXIS, THROMBOCYTOPENIA

GI
I NCREASE GLUCOSE
A NAPHYLAXIS
N EPHROTOXICITY
T HROMBOCYTOPENIA

DRUG INTERACTIONS: ALCOHOL

INTERVENTIONS: C/S, SUPER, WITH FOOD, HYPERSENSITIVITY!!

42
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

MACROLIDES

MED
S/E
A/E
INTERVE

A

AZITHROMYCIN

PCN SUB

S/E: N/V/D, CRAMP, PHOTOSENS!!, HA, FATIGUE,DIZZY, ORAL CANDIDIASIS!!

A/E: ANAPHY,SUPER,HEPATOTOXICITY!!!, STEVEN, BLOOD DYSCRASIAS

INTERVENTIONS: C/S, LIVER DAMAGE, ANTACIDS 2 HRS BEFORE/AFTER!!!! (TAKEN AT SAME TIME DECREASES ABSORPTION), D

DRUG INTERACTIONS: INCREASE DIGOXIN, CYCLOSPORINE, WARFARIN. DECREASE PCN

43
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

GLYCOPEPTIDES

MED
S/E
A/E
INTERVEN

A

VANCOMYCIN!!!!!

MRSA, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS CAUSED BY CDIFF

S/E: N/V, DIZZY, SUPER, DISULFIRAM (ALCOHOL)

A/E: OTOTOXICITY!!, NEPHRO!!,ANAPHY, BLOOD DYS, STEVEN, CDIFF - IV TOO FAST!!,HYPO,RED BLOTCH!!,TOXIC

FONT- FLUSHING, OTO, NEPHRO, THROMBOPHLEBITIS

INTERVENTIONS: C/S, 1-2 HR IV!!!,BP, RENAL TESTS (BUN AND CREATININE), HEARING

44
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

TETRACYCLINES

MED
S/E
A/E
INTERVEN

A

DOXYCYCLINE!!!!

S/E: N/V/D, PHOTOSE!!!, DISCOLORATION OR HYPOPOPLASIA OF TEETH!!!, STUNT GROWTH!!, NO KIDS UNDER 8, STOMATITIS, GLOSSITIS

A/E: ANAPHYLAXIS, CDIFF,OTO!!!,HEPATO!!,NEPHRO!!!,PANCYTOPENIA, STEVENS

DRUG FOOD INTERAC: MILK(DECREASE ABSO), ANTACIDS, BC!!!!!, PCN, AMINOGLYCOSIDES

INTERVEN: C/S, KIDNEY AND LIVER, EMPTY STOMACH AND WATER!!!!!, SUNSCREEN, AVOID MILK, IRON, ANTACIDS (BAD ABSOR)!!! NONHORMONE BC (D)!!!

45
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

MED
S/E
A/E
INTERVEN

A

GENTAMYCIN!!!!

S/E: PHOTOSEN, SUPER, STOMATITIS, N/V, FEVER,LETHARGY

A/E: ANAPHY,SEIZURES,OTO(HEAR)!!,NEPHRO(KID)!!, CDIFF, STEVEN

MORE TOXIC

INTERVENTIONS: C/S, HEARING LOSS AND RENAL, P AND T DRUG LEVELS, OTO-VERTIGO AND TINNITUS

46
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

SULFONAMIDE

MED
S/E A/E
INTERVENTION

A

TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE (BACTRIM)

URINARY TRACT ANTIINFECTIVE
SYNERGISTIC

S/E AND A/E: GI, STOMATITIS, PHOTOSEN,CRYSTALLURIA, RENAL FAIL,BLOOD DYS, STEVENS

INTERVENTIONS: INCREASE FLUID 2000/DAY, CBC AND RENAL, RASH, SUPER, AVOID 3RD TRIMESTER!!!, AVOID ANTACIDS!!, SORE THROAT, BRUISING, BLEEDING!!! NO SUN

47
Q

ANTIBACTERIALS

FLUROQUINOLONES

MED
S/E A/E
INTERVEN

A

CIPROFLOXACIN

TREAT UTI

S/E: RASH, N, HA, PAIN,V,DIZZY, CHANGE IN TASTE!!, DECREASE SLEEP!!, PHOTOSEN

A/E: HEART DYSRHYTH (W OTHER DRUG)!!!, NEUROTOX,STEVENS, BLOOD GLUCOSE, TENDON RUPTURE!!!!!, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY!!!

DRUG INTERAC: ANTACIDS AND MILK DECREASE ABSOR, INCREASE EFFECT OF ORAL HYPOGLYCEMICS

INTERVENTIONS: C/S, HEART RATE AND RHYTHM, IV 60-90MIN, INCREASE FLUID MORE 2000/D, NO CAFFEINE, STOP DRUG IF THERE IS TENDON/JOINT PAIN!!!!!!!!, BG!

48
Q

ANTIFUNGALS

AZOLES

MED
INTERACTIONS
DECREASE WHAT

A

FLUCONAZOLE (DIFLUCAN) !!!

S/E: D/N/V, HA, SUN!!!, RASH

A/E: HEPATOTOX, RENAL TOX, HYPOKALEM, RASH

DECREASE METABOLISM OF MEDS!!! (DRUG STAY IN BODY =S/E)
NO ALCOHOL, GRAPEFRUIT

49
Q

ANTITUBERCULAR DRUG - ISONIAZID

S/E?
A/E?

A

S/E: DROWSY, TREMORS,PHOTOSEN,TINNITUS, N/V,DRY MOUTH, C

A/E: PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY!!!!!!, HEPATOTOX,PSYCHOTIC, SEIZURES, OPTIC NEUROPATHY(VB6), BLOOD DYS, THROMBCYTOPENIA, HEPATITIS!!

INTERVENTIONS: 1 HR BEFORE OR 2 HR AFTER MEALS!!!, COLLECT IN AM, PYRIDOXINE (VB6) PREVENTS PERIPHERAL NEUROPA!!!!!!, EYE EXAMS, NUMB, TINGLING, BURNING, AVOID ANTACIDS

50
Q

ANTI TB - RIFAMPIN

S/E?
A/E?

A

INHIBITS ENZYME NEEDED FOR PROTIEN SYNTHESIS

S/E: STOMACH PAIN, URINARY RETENTION, RED ORANGE PEE!!!!!!!

A/E: LIVER TOX, N/V, RASH

51
Q

ANTI TB - ETHAMBUTOL

BACTERIO????
S/E?
A/E?

A

BACTERIOSTATIC = INHIBITS CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

S/E: INCREASE URIC ACID!!!!

A/E: HEPATOTOX, OPTIC NEUROPATHY, OPTIC NEURITIS (RED AND GREEN)!!!!!!

52
Q

ANTI TB - PYRAZINAMIDE (PZA)

S/E?
A/E?

A

S/E: INCREASE URIC ACID, ACHES, PAIN, PHOTOSEN, ACNE

A/E: LIVER TOX

53
Q

HIV AND AIDS

NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTIs)

PATIENT TEACH

A

ZIDOVUDINE

PREVENTS VIRAL DNA SYNTHESIS
TREAT WITH COMBINED DRUGS

PREVENTS MATERNAL HIV TRANSMISSION + POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS

S/E: N/V/D, ANOREXIA, C, HA, DIZZY, NEUROPATHY, RASH, LIPOATROPHY, MALAISE

A/E: DECREASE BONE MARROW (ANEMIA, NEUTROPENIA), HEPATOTOX, NEUROTOXI, PANCREATITIS

STORAGE OF MEDS
RECORDING SHEET
FOOD AND FLUID

54
Q

GI - ANTIEMETICS

DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS
PROMETHAZINE (PHENERGAN)

MED?
INHIBITS?
USES?
S/E?
A/E?

A

BLOCKS DOPAMINE
INHIBITS V

USES: N/V, CHEMO, RADIATION

S/E: DRY MOUTH, SEDATION, C, ORTHO HYPO, TACHY

A/E: EPS WITH INCREASED THERAPY (PARKINSONS)

55
Q

GI - ANTIEMETICS

SEROTONIN ANTAGONISTS
ONDANSETRON (ZOFRAN)

INCREASE EFFECT W?
USES?
S/E?

A

BLOCK VAGAL NERVE
INCREASE EFFECT WITH DEXAMETHASONE

USES: POSTOP, CHEMO

S/E: HA, DIZZY, HYPO,PALPITATIONS, CONSTIPATION,EDEMA, FATIGUE

56
Q

GI - ANTIEMETICS

METOCLOPRAMIDE (REGLAN)

BLOCKS?
INCREASE DOSE?
S/E?

A

BLOCKS DOPAMINE

POSTOP EMESIS, CHEMO, RADIATION

INCREASE DOSE: SEDATION, FATIGUE

S/E: DROWSY, FATIGUE, HA, C, URINARY RETENTION, BLUR, TACHY, EPS

57
Q

GI - LAXATIVES

OSMOTIC (SALINE) LAXATIVES

MED?
PULLS WHAT?
S/E?

A

MAG SALTS-MAG HYDROXIDE (MILK OF MAGNESIA)
MAG CITRATE

PULL WATER INTO COLON
WATERY STOOL

BOWEL PREP FOR SURGERY

S/E: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE, CRAMPS, N/V, FARTS, D

LACTULOSE
MANAGE HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
DECREASE BLOOD AMMONIA!! IMPROVE MENTAL

S/E: FART, D, CRAMPS, V/N

58
Q

GI LAXATIVES

STIMULANT LAXATIVES

MED?
TREATS?
S/E?
A/E?

A

BISACODYL (DULCOLAX)

OPIOID CONSTIPATION
TREAT CONSTIPATION

S/E: DIZZY, CRAMP, N/D, K AND CA IMBALANCE, RED AND BROWN URINE!!!!!

A/E: OVER USE LEADS TO DECREASED TONE AND SENSATION

59
Q

GI LAXATIVES

BULK FORMING LAXATIVES

MED?
ABSORB?
A/E?

A

PSYLLIUM (METAMUCIL)

ABSORB WATER INTO INTESTINE
SHORT TERM, IBS, ILEOSTOMY, COLOSTOMY

A/E: DECREASE FLUID = OBSTRUCTION

MIX WITH WATER, STIR, FOLLOW W WATER

60
Q

GI LAX

EMOLLIENTS (LUBRICANTS AND STOOL SOFT)

MED?
PREVENT?

A

DOCUSATE SODIUM (COLACE)

INCREASE WATER ACCUMLATION
PREVENT CONSTIPATION AND DECREASE STRAINING

61
Q

ANTI ULCER

HISTAMINE H2 BLOCKERS

MED?
S/E?

A

FAMOTIDINE (PEPCID)

DECREASE GASTRIC ACID, HEAL ULCERS

S/E: ERECTILE DYS, DECREASED B12

30 MIN BEFORE MEALS OR AT BED
NO NSAIDS
NO OTC

62
Q

ANTI ULCER

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

ENDING??
3 PS?

STOOL?

A

“PRAZOLE”

MOST POWERFUL

DECREASE GASTRIC ACID INHIBITING H/K ATPase

PREVENT HOLES, POROUS BONES, POSSIBLE GI INFECTION (CDIFF)!!!!

30 MIN BEFORE MEALS IN MORNING
BLACK TARRY STOOL!!!!! D, ABD PAIN, HA

63
Q

ANTI ULCER

ANTACIDS

WHAT?
DONT?
SCAM?

A

NEURTALIZE ACIDITY
RELIEVE HEART BURN
DECREASE GERD

DONT MIX!!! 1 HR BEFORE MEDS
DRINK WATER

SodiumbCalciumcAluminumhMagh- ALKA SELTZER, TUMS, AMPHOGEL, MAALOX

64
Q

U RESP

ANTIHISTAMINES (1ST)

MED?
CROSSES?

A

DIPEHHYDRAMINE (BENADRYL)

BLOCKS HISTAMINE

CROSSES BLOOD BRAIN EASIER

PREGO-AVOID- DECREASE MILK

65
Q

U RESP

ANTIHISTAMINES (2ND)

FEW?
MEDS?

A

FEW S/E
WORKS PERIPHERALLY

66
Q

U RESP

NASAL DECONGESTANTS

MED?
FREQUENT USE??

A

STIMULATE ALPHA ADRENERGIC
CONSTRICTION = DECREASE SECRETIONS
FEW S/E

OXYMETAZOLINE (AFRIN)
FREQUENT USE=REBOUND CONGESTION!!!!!

67
Q

U RESP

SYSTEMIC DECONGESTANTS - ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

SHORT OR LONG?
USE?
INCREASE?
MEDS?

A

RELIEVE CONGESTION LONG TIME!!!
ALLERGIC RHINITIS

INCREASE BP AND GLUCOSE!!!

PSEUDOEPHEDRINE (SUDAFED)
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCLORIDE

68
Q

U RESP

ANTITUSSIVES

SUPPRESS???

A

SUPPRESS COUGH

BENZONATATE (TESSALON)
CODEINE
DEXTROMETHORPHAN (BENYLIN)
HYDROCODONE

IN BREASTMILK

69
Q

U RESP

EXPECTORANTS

MED?
LOOSENS?

A

GUALFENESIN (MUCINEX)

LOOSEN SECRETIONS
COUGH TO CLEAR

70
Q

L RESP

BRONCHODILATORS - SYMPATHOMIMETICS

SELECTIVE BETA 2 ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

A

ALBUTEROL

INCREASE BP,HR,VASOCONSTRICTION, DECREASE RENAL AND GI BLOOD

SHORT ACTING

S/E: TREMOR

71
Q

L RESP

BRONCHODILATORS

METHYLXANTHINES

A

THEOPHYLLINE

LOW TI AND NARROW RANGE (5-15)!!!!!
TOXIC

HEART PROBLEMS

NOT FOR PTS W SEIZURES!!!
NO COFFEE

USE IF OTHER DRUGS DONT WORK

72
Q

ENDOCRINE

TH REPLACEMENT DRUGS (LIFE LONG)

A

LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM (SYNTHROID)

SYNTHETIC THROXINE (T4) TO T3

HYPERTHYROIDISM EFFECTS (TACHY, TREMOR, ANGINA, INSOMNIA, HEAT INTOLERANCE, HTN, INCREASED POOP, WEIGHT LOSS, N/V

A/E: MI, HF, SEIZURES, PALPITATIONS

FIBER- DECREASE ABSORPTION
MONITOR PULSE,VS, WEIGHT

73
Q

ENDOCRINE

THYROID SUPPRESSING DRUGS

A

PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU)

BLOCK THYROID PEROXIDASE
BLOCKS T4 TO T3

S/E= ARGANULOCYTOSIS AND RASH, HEPTATOTOXICITY

CHECK BEFORE- LIVER
CHECK AFTER- BLOOD COUNTS AND JAUNDICE

W MEAL

OKAY 1ST TRIMESTER

74
Q

ANTI DM

TYPE 2
SECOND GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

2 MEDS

A

GLIPIZIDE (GLUCOTROL)!

INCREASE INSULIN
CONTROL HYPERGLY

HYPOGLY - ALCOHOL

SLOW 1-2 DAILY
OK BREATFEED

MEGLITINIDES!

NATEGLINIDE (STARLIX) AND REPAGLINIDE (PRANDIN)

INCREASE INSULIN
CONTRAINDICATED: LIVER DISEASE

CAUSE HYPOGLY

SHORTER BURSTS!!!! 15-30 MIN BEFORE MEAL

> 10 YRS

75
Q

ANTI DM

BIGUANIDES

A

METFORMIN (GLUCOPHAGE)

DECREASE GLUCOSE
INCREASE INSULIN SENSITIVITY

N/V/D, INGESTION, ABD PAIN

DOESNT CAUSE HYPOGLY
>10 YRS
OK BREAST

IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA INCREASE RISK OF RENAL FAIL AND LACTIC ACIDOSIS (HOLD 48 HRS) !!!! NO ALCOHOL

76
Q

TRANSPLANT

GOAL OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

A

DECREASE PATIENT’S RISK OF REJECT
DECREASE S/E, INFECTIONS, MALIGNANCY

77
Q

TRANSPLANT

INDUCTION

A

GIVEN AT TIME OF TRANSPLANT FOR SHORT DURATION
NEUTRALIZE AND DEPLETES TCELL

78
Q

TRANSPLANT

MAINTENANCE

A

LONG TERM FOR LIFE OF GRAFT

79
Q

TRANSPLANT

CYCLOSPORINE

A

CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
SUPPRESS ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES

PO
BID SAME TIME DAILY
MORNING DOSE AFTER BLOOD DRAW
DONT CRUSH

A/E:HTN, NEPHRO, ACUTE RENAL FAIL, INCREASE K, DECREASE MG, NEUROTOX, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA , HIRSUTISM

MONITOR: TROUGH, ELECTROLYTES, RENAL FUNCTION, BP, NO GRAPE

80
Q

VACCINES

VARICELLA VACCINE

A

PREVENT CHICKEN POX
first dose 12-15 months, second 4-6 yrs

CI: ANAPHYLAXIS TO VACCINE, GELATIN, NEOMYCIN, PREGNANCY

NO IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

S/E: PAIN AND RED AT INJECTION, FEVER, CHICKEN POX LIKE RASH

A/E: ANAPHYLAXIS, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, ENCEPHALITIS, STEVENS

81
Q

ANTICANCER

ALKYLATING AGENTS
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

A

DAMAGE CELLS DNA
PREVENT REPRODUCTION OF CANCER CELLS

ASSESS FOR HEMATURIA
CARDIOTOXICITY
MYLEOSUPPRESSION
PEE 2-3 HRS
SUN
LOW PURINE NO ACID

82
Q

ANTI CANCER

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

DOXORUBICIN

A

INTERFERE WITH DNA REPLICATION AND RNA TRANSCRIPTION

PPE AVOID PEE AND FLUIDS (5 DAYS AFTER TREAT)

S/E: BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION, N/V, CARDIOTOXICITY!!!!, RADIATION RECALL, ALOPECIA, STOMATITIS/MUCOSITIS, INFERTILITY, TACHY, HF

URINE PINK

LIPOPHILIC: REDUCED CLEARANCE IN OBESE

NO TURMERIC (DECREASE EFFECTS)

83
Q

ANTICANCER

PLANT ALKALOIDS

A

BLOCK CELL DIVISION IN M PHASE

VINCA ALKOLOIDS (PERWINKLE PLANT) - VINCRISTINE
TAXANES (YEW TREE) - PACLITAXEL, DOCETAXEL

DOSE LIMITING NEUROTOX!! (PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY)

A/E:HYPERSEN, SENSORY LOSS, PARESTHESIA, GAIT, MUSCLE, N/V, ALOPECIA, C, NEUTROPENIS

CHECK DTR

84
Q

REPRODUCTIVE

COMBINED HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE

A

ESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN
STRENGTH OF ESTROGEN
TYPE OF PROGESTIN

ESTROGEN INHIBITS OVULATION
PROGESTIN SUPRESS LUTEINIZING HORMONE

HIGH ESTROGEN = VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, MI, STROKE

85
Q

REPRODUCTIVE

CLOMIPHENE CITRATE

A

INDUCTION OF OVULATION

S/E: HA, DIZZY, TIRED, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, GYNECOMASTIA, HOT FLASH, DECREASED EYE, OVARY HYPERSTIMULATION , ECTOPIC

PHARM (16 decks)

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