Fill-in-the-Blank Endocrine Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Process by which an end product shuts down further production of the end product.
A
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
2
Q
This gland sends hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland.
A
HYPOTHALAMUS
3
Q
Gland stimulated by the hypothalamus.
A
PITUITARY GLAND
4
Q
Chemical compound put into the body that originates from outside of the body.
A
EXOGENOUS COMPOUND
5
Q
Chemical compound that originates from within the body.
A
ENDOGENOUS COMPOUND
6
Q
What gland releases TSH?
A
PITUITARY GLAND
7
Q
What gland does TSH stimulate?
A
THYROID GLAND
8
Q
What structure releases TRH?
A
HYPOTHALAMUS
9
Q
What gland does TRH stimulate?
A
PITUITARY GLAND
10
Q
What hormone directly stimulates the thyroid to produce T3 and T4?
A
THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)
11
Q
Which thyroid hormone is the biologically active hormone?
A
TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3)
12
Q
Which thyroid hormone is converted by the tissues into the biologically active form based upon the tissue’s metabolic need?
A
TETRAIODOTHYRONINE (T4) = THYROXIN (T4)
13
Q
What provides the negative feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus?
A
T3, T4
14
Q
Too much thyroid hormone is what condition?
A
HYPERTHYROIDISM
15
Q
Too little thyroid hormone is what condition?
A
HYPOTHYROIDISM
16
Q
Hypothyroidism caused by a tumor that destroys the thyroid gland would be classified as what type of hypothyroidism? (primary, secondary, tertiary)
A
PRIMARY
17
Q
Surgical removal of a part of the hypothalamus involved with a cancer growth resulting in hypothyroidism would be classified as what type of hypothyroidism?
A
TERTIARY
18
Q
What type of hypothyroidism (primary, etc.) has the worst prognosis?
A
SECONDARY AND TERTIARY
19
Q
What thyroid disease results in an enlarged thyroid gland from a lack of iodine?
A
GOITER
20
Q
Species of animal that suffers from poor CNS development and contracted tendons if the mother animal is hypothyroid during pregnancy.
A
HORSE
21
Q
Treatment of choice for canine hypothyroidism.
A
LEVOTHYROXINE
22
Q
Secondary treatment drug for canine hypothyroidism, if first choice drug is ineffective.
A
LIOTHYRONINE
23
Q
The clinical condition in which a patient has excessive amounts of thyroid hormone (drug or supplement)
A
THYROTOXICOSIS
24
Q
This is the state of having normal thyroid concentrations.
A
EUTHYROIDISM
25
This is the condition that results from too much thyroid hormone.
HYPERTHYROIDISM
26
This term describes the non-drug therapy used to remove the cancerous thyroid gland.
THYROIDECTOMY
27
This term means low white blood cell count.
LEUKOPENIA
28
This hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the pituitary gland which eventually stimulates the thyroid gland.
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH)
29
This hormone directly stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4.
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)
30
This drug disrupts the normal production of T3 and T4, but does not destroy the thyroid tumor in cats with hyperthyroidism.
METHIMAZOLE (FELIMAZOLE, TAPAZOLE)
31
This 1-injection hyperthyroidism treatment selectively destroys the thyroid tumor.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE (131-I)
32
This drug is used specifically to block the stimulation for tachycardia seen with hyperthyroidism.
PROPRANOLOL OR ATENOLOL
33
This treatment starves the thyroid tumor of iodine.
IODINE-LIMITED DIETS
34
This drug is used to decrease the systemic hypertension that occurs with hyperthyroidism.
AMLODIPINE
35
Cells that produce insulin in the pancreas.
BETA CELLS
36
Type of diabetes that requires the patient be treated with injectable insulin (What Type and what initials?)
TYPE I DIABETES = INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)
37
Type of diabetes that is caused by poor functioning or decreased numbers of insulin receptors.
TYPE II DIABETES = NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (NIDDM)
38
This term means “elevated blood glucose”.
HYPERGLYCEMIA
39
This term means “sugar in the urine”.
GLUCOSURIA
40
Storage molecule form of glucose found in the liver.
GLYCOGEN
41
Fish protein added to insulin molecule to slow its absorption rate.
PROTAMINE
42
Type of insulin that has 40 units of biological activity per mL of liquid.
U-40
43
Type of NON-insulin drug that causes blood sugar to go down (in humans).
GLIPIZIDE => SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS
44
Animal species from which insulin can be harvested and used safely in dogs and cats.
PORCINE
45
Identify the drug: Short-acting insulin
CRYSTALLINE INSULIN
46
Identify the drug: 2 intermediate-acting insulins
(1) NEUTRAL PROTAMINE HAGEDORN (NPH) INSULIN,
| 2) PORCINE INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION (PIZ
47
Identify the drug: 3 long-acting insulins
(1) PROTAMINE ZINC INSULIN (PZI),
(2) RECOMBINANT HUMAN INSULIN = INGULIN GLARGINE,
(3) RECOMBINANT HUMAN INSULIN = INSULIN DETEMIR
48
Identify the drug: 2 recombinant human DNA insulins.
(1) INSULIN GLARGINE , (2) INSULIN DETEMIR
49
Identify the drug: Only insulin that can be given by IV injection.
CRYSTALLINE INSULIN
50
Identify the drug: Insulin of choice for starting treatment for dog diabetes.
PORCINE INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION (VETSULINR)
51
Identify the drug: Insulin of choice for starting treatment for cat diabetes.
CRYSTALLINE IV
52
Identify the drug: Insulin used to bring down very high levels of blood glucose before starting other insulins for longer-term control.
CRYSTALLINE INSULIN
53
This is the phase of the estrous cycle in which the follicles develop.
FOLLICULAR PHASE
54
This is the phase of the estrous cycle in which progesterone dominates.
LUTEAL PHASE
55
This is the structure that produces FSH.
PITUITARY GLAND
56
This hormone stimulates the release of FSH.
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)
57
This is the structure that releases the hormone that stimulates FSH release.
HYPOTHALAMUS
58
This hormone causes the development of the follicle.
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
59
This structure produces estrogen during the follicular phase.
OVARIAN FOLLICLE
60
This phase of the estrous cycle is controlled by the corpus luteum.
LUTEAL PHASE
61
Ovulation ends this phase of the estrous cycle.
FOLLICULAR PHASE
62
This hormone produces the physical signs associated with estrus.
ESTROGEN
63
This hormone is released by the follicles during early development and serves to provide negative feedback during the follicular phase on further release of FSH.
INHIBIN
64
This hormone lyses the mature follicle.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
65
After the follicle lyses, it turns into this structure.
CORPUS LUTEUM
66
The corpus luteum produces this hormone.
PROGESTERONE
67
This hormone creates the corpus luteum.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
68
This hormone prepares the uterus to receive the oocyte.
PROGESTERONE
69
The degeneration of this structure signals the end of the luteal phase.
CORPUS LUTEUM
70
This hormone produces negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary during the luteal phase.
PROGESTERONE
71
This hormone causes the uterus to secrete a nutrient-rich fluid that will nourish the oocyte or the fertilized zygote until it has a chance to implant.
PROGESTERONE
72
This is released by the fetus to initiate the process of parturition.
ADRENAL CORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)
73
This hormone stimulates the uterus to begin to secrete estrogen and prostaglandin.
CORTISOL
74
This hormone lyses the corpus luteum.
PROSTAGLANDIN
75
With the lysis of the corpus luteum, this hormone decreases.
PROGESTERONE
76
This hormone released by the uterus causes more oxytocin receptors to sprout on the uterus.
ESTROGEN
77
This is the term that describes the smooth muscle layer of the uterus.
MYOMETRIUM
78
Stimulation of what by what causes the release of oxytocin?
STIMULATION OF CERVIX OR NIPPLES
79
This hormone causes the major contraction associated with labor.
OXYTOCIN
80
A type of drug that is similar to natural GnRH.
GONADORELIN
81
This is a technique by which all cattle are synchronized and brought into estrus at the same time without having to identify where each individual cow is in its estrous cycle.
TIMED-ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
82
This type of drug causes the release of natural FSH and LH.
GONADORELIN
83
This type of drug is “attracted” to the ovaries and testis.
GONADOTROPIN
84
These two terms refer to a group of progesterone-like hormones
PROGESTINS OR PROGESTATIONAL HORMONES
85
This type of synthesized drug mimics progesterone effects.
PROGESTOGEN OR PROGESTAGEN
86
Drugs that imitate FSH and LH would be called this type of drug.
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
87
This term means “pus in the uterus”.
PYOMETRA
88
This term means “inflammation of the uterus”.
METRITIS
89
Progestogens dock with and impair the receptor for what hormone?
INSULIN
90
This is a type of anemia in which the bone marrow cells are wiped out and the animal cannot produce red blood cells and most white blood cells.
APLASTIC ANEMIA
91
This type of hormone drug is used to reduce urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs.
ESTROGEN
92
This type of drug terminates the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and brings all animals in the luteal phase back into the follicular phase and estrus at about the same time.
PROSTAGLANDIN
93
This type of drug is used to cause super-ovulation.
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
94
This type of drug can be absorbed through the skin of the person administering the drug and cause prolongation of the pregnancy if the person is near the end of their pregnancy.
PROGESTOGEN
95
This estrogen compound is a potential carcinogen in people and completely banned from any use in food animals.
DIETHYL STILBESTROL (DES)
96
This type of drug, if spilled on a pregnant person’s skin, could be absorbed and terminate a pregnancy.
PROSTAGLANDIN F2-alpha
97
This type of drug predisposes an animal to pyometra by directly causing changes to the uterus that facilitate bacterial growth.
PROGESTOGEN
98
This type of drug also predisposes an animal to pyometra but does so indirectly by increasing the number of progesterone receptors on the uterus.
ESTROGEN
99
This type of drug can potentially cause severe bronchoconstriction if absorbed into the body of a person administering it who also happens to have asthmas or a similar bronchoconstrictive respiratory disease.
PROSTAGLANDIN
100
This type of drug is given to mares or heifers in the follicular phase to stop the estrous cycle and prevent the animals from coming into heat.
PROGESTOGEN = PROGESTAGEN
101
This type of drug should be carefully protected from theft because of the rise in thefts from veterinary vehicles or practices for the purpose of inducing an abortion on people.
PROSTAGLANDIN F2-alpha
102
This type of drug can extend diestrus (the estrous cycle after estrus – the luteal phase) beyond the period of time when the luteal phase would normally end.
PROGESTOGEN
103
This is “pregnant mare serum”.
EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (eCG)
104
Identify the drug: Progestagen use in horses as an oral medication.
ALTRENOGEST (REGUMATE)
105
Identify the drug: Drug added to heifer feed to suppress the follicular development by suppressing the release of GnRH and FSH/LH and preventing the onset of estrus.
MELENGESTROL ACETATE (MGA)
106
Identify the drug: Drug FDA approved for use to help control urinary incontinence in dogs.
ESTRADIOL tablets and ESTRIOL (INCURIN) tablets
107
Identify the drug: Drugs (2 of them) used to terminate CL activity in the luteal phase and bring all cattle in the luteal phase back into estrus.
DINOPROST TROMETHAMINE (LUTALYSE, InSync)
108
Type of drug that lyses the corpus luteum.
PROSTAGLANDIN
109
Type of drug that prolongs diestrus and returns an animal to estrus by stopping the drug.
PROGESTIN
110
Type of drug that is used to lyse persistent follicles (follicular cysts) and return the animal to estrus.
GONADORELIN
111
This is the estrus that occurs shortly after a mare has given birth.
FOAL HEAT
112
Type of drug used to prevent foal heat from occurring by suppressing the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH during the follicular phase.
PROGESTIN
113
Compound other than FSH that is involved in an increased follicular activity and can be suppressed by dopamine.
PROLACTIN
114
Type of drug that blocks the action of a natural compound and thereby prevents the suppression of prolactin activity.
DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST
115
Type of drug that terminates a pregnancy.
PROSTAGLANDIN F2 ALPHA
116
Natural compound that initiates the parturition process.
CORTISOL
117
Natural compound that causes a sensitized uterus to contract with great force.
OXYTOCIN
118
Means “difficult labor”.
DYSTOCIA
119
This is using prostaglandins to cut short the luteal phase and allow the mare to re-enter the follicular phase again with the hopes of improving the health of the uterus.
SHORT CYCLING
120
Means the state of being persistently in heat.
NYMPHOMANIA
121
Period of time during the year in which follicles grow to a certain size, but do not mature and then regress
SEASONAL ANESTRUS
122
Identify the drug: What three (types of) drugs are used to manipulate the estrous cycle so breeding can be coordinated?
PROSTAGLANDINS, PROGESTINS, GONADORELINS
123
Identify the drug: What (type of) drug is used to delay the onset of foal heat?
PROGESTIN
124
Identify the drug: What (type of) drug is used to short cycle mares that have just had a foal?
PROSTAGLANDIN
125
Identify the drug: What (types of) drugs are used to stimulate the release of FSH and LH to increase follicle development during seasonal anestrus?
GnRH ANALOG DRUGS, GONADORELINS
126
Identify the drug: What (type of) drug acts by increasing the release of prolactin and subsequent follicle development?
DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST DRUG
127
Identify the drug: What are the two oral birth control medications used in dogs and cats?
MEGESTROL ACETATE, MIBOLERONE
128
Identify the drug: What is the anabolic steroid that is used to prevent pregnancy in the dog by suppressing LH release?
MIBOLERONE
129
Identify the drug: What are the two prostaglandin F2 alpha analogs used to terminate pregnancies?
DINOPROST TROMETHAMINE, LUTALYSE
130
Identify the drug: What drug is used to give the uterus a boost when it has fatigued from dystocia?
OXYTOCIN
