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PHARMACOLOGY 2 Vet Tech > Aditional Questions -- Anti-Inflammatories > Flashcards

Aditional Questions -- Anti-Inflammatories Flashcards

1
Q

When tissue is traumatized, substances collectively called ______ are produced.

A

eicosanoids

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2
Q

List the 3 eicosanoids of concern in Vet Med.

A

prostaglandins

leukotrienes

thromboxanes

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3
Q

_________ are substances that produce the physical changes we associate with inflammation (pain, swelling, redness, etc)

A

eicosanoids

(prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes)

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4
Q

Explain how the Arachidonic Acid pathway produces eicosanoids.

A
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5
Q

Anti-inflammatory drugs work by __________ eicosanoids.

A

blocking the formation of eicosanoids

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6
Q

The abbreviation COX stands for __________________

A

cyclooxygenase (enzyme)

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7
Q

The abbreviation LOX stands for ____________.

A

lipoxygenase (enzyme)

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8
Q

COX works on Arachidonic Acid to produce __________.

A

prostaglandins & thromboxanes

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9
Q

LOX works on Arachidonic Acid to produce ___________.

A

leukotrienes

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10
Q

What part of the Arachidonic Acid pathway do NSAIDs inhibit?

A

inhibit the COX and LOX enzymes

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11
Q

What part of the Arachidonic Acid pathway do corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs work on?

A

inhibit Phospholipase A2 (enzyme)

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12
Q

What is the full name for “steroids” or “corticosteroids”?

A

adrenocorticosteroids

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13
Q

What are the 2 subgroups of corticosteroids? What do they do?

A

mineralocorticoids

(regulate water & electrolyte balance, NO anti-inflammatory effects)

glucocorticoids

(anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting Phospholipase A2)

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14
Q

What is the body’s natural mineralocorticoid?

A

aldosterone

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15
Q

What is the body’s natural glucocorticoid?

A

cortisol

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16
Q

What gland/complex releases cortisol in the body?

A

adrenal complex

17
Q

What is the only mineralocorticoid drug used in Vet Med? What does it treat?

A

desoxycorticosterone

(treats Addison’s disease, aka hypoadrenocorticism)

18
Q

What is the mechanism for desoxycorticosterone’s effect?

(Similar to the mechanism of aldosterone.)

A

increases the reabsorption of sodium from urine. reabsorption of sodium also osmotically pulls water with it, thus increasing blood volume (& workload n the heart)

19
Q

In the body’s cortisol cycle, what structure releases corticotropin-releasing factor/corticotropin-releasing hormone?

A

hypothalamus

20
Q

In the body’s cortisol cycle, what structure releases Adrenocorticotropic Hormone? (ACTH)

A

pituitary gland

21
Q

In the body’s cortisol cycle, what structure releases cortisol?

A

adrenal glands

22
Q

In the body’s cortisol cycle, what structure does Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/Corticotropin-Releasing Factor stimulate? What does it do?

A

stimulates pituitary gland

to release Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

23
Q

In the body’s cortisol cycle, what structure does Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) stimulate? What does it do?

A

stimulates the adrenal glands

to produce cortisol

24
Q

what does the suffix -tropic mean?

A

attracted to

25
Q

In the body’s cortisol cycle, the presence of cortisol provides negative feedback to the ________ and the _______.

A

hypothalamus (decreasing release of CRF/CRH)

&

pituitary gland (decreasing release of ACTH)

26
Q

Do exogenous glucocorticoids encourage or reduce the body’s natural cortisol production?

A

reduce (provide negative feedback into cortisol cycle)

27
Q

Glucocorticoids have 3 types, based on the duration of action. What are they?

A

short-acting (<12 hr)

intermediate-acting (12-36 hr)

long-acting (48+ hours)

28
Q

Cortisol is activated by the liver into ________, its active form.

A

hydrocortisone

29
Q

What is the 1 short-acting glucocorticoid (used in human medicine, not much used in Vet Med)?

A

hydrocortisone (used topically in human medicine)

30
Q

What are the 4 intermediate-acting glucocorticoids used in Vet Med?

A

prednisone

methylprednisone

prednisolone

triamcinolone

31
Q

Prednisone is converted by the liver in ________, its active form.

A

prednisolone

32
Q

In cats, who are (better/worse) at metabolizing prednisone than dogs, the prednisone dose is (higher/lower/the same as) the prednisolone dose.

A

worse at metabolizing –> higher dose of prednisone

33
Q
A

PHARMACOLOGY 2 Vet Tech (8 decks)

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