FIHA ENR 1.5

Question 1

Aircraft Performance Category and limits

Answer 1

CAT A = <90knts
CAT H

Question 2

When can you descend below minimum route altitudes?

Answer 2

“Except when complying with the requirements for a visual approach, conforming to a published DME/GNSS Arrival procedure, or when identified and assigned an altitude by ATC.”

Question 3

Descent - Procedure Entry

Answer 3

Further descent must be made in accordance with the entry and holding procedures to the specified altitude for commencing the approach

Question 4

Circling approaches and visual circling

Answer 4

An instrument approach to the circling minima with the intent or requirement from the minima to visually manoeuvre the aircraft to align with the runway for a landing.

Question 5

Visual circling restrictions

Answer 5

Where marked “No circling”
Visual circling is prohibited in no circling sectors by day in less than VMC and at night

Question 6

When visual circling when can you descend below MDA?

Answer 6

When the pilot:
a. Maintains the aircraft within the circling area,
b. maintains a visibility along the intended flight path
c. maintains visual contact with the landing runway environment
d. by night or day, while complying with A,B,C and within the circling area on the downwind, base or finals, can maintain an obstacle clearance along the flight path
e. in daylight only, maintains visual contact with obstacles along intended flight path

Question 7

Cat A obstacle clearance?

Answer 7

300ft

Question 8

How big is the circling area?

Answer 8

A tangental radius of 1.68NM from end of each runway

Question 9

Descent below the straight in MDA criteria

Answer 9

Visual reference maintained
All elements of the met minima are equal to or greater than those published for the aircraft performance category
Aircraft is continuously in a posiiton from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal flight manoeuvres

Question 10

Non Precision Approach offset allowance

Answer 10

NPAs may be offset by up to 30degrees

Question 11

When can you align to the runway centreline?

Answer 11

When:
Within the circling area
Visual reference can be maintained
Continuously in sight of ground or water

Question 12

Missed approach criteria?

Answer 12

• In the final segment, the aircraft not maintained within applicable nav tolerance (2vor, 5ndb, full deflectionils)
• below MSA the performance of radio aid becomes suspect
  -visual reference not established before MAPT
  -landing cannot be effected from a runway approach (unless circling approach can be conducted)
  -visual reference is lost while circling to land from an instrument approach

Question 13

Missed approach criteria GNSS

Answer 13

Loss of RAIM or RAIM warning

Question 14

Visual Approach Requirements for IFR - Day

Answer 14

Within 30 NM, not below LSALT/MSA
Clear of Cloud
Sight of ground or water
>5000m vis
500ft above lower limit of CTA

Question 15

Visual Approach Requirements for IFR - Night

Answer 15

Not below LSALT/MSA
Clear of cloud
Sight of ground or water
>5000m vis
500ft above lower limit of CTA until:
is established with an authorised instrument approach
within 3nm of aerodrome if no published approaches
within 5nm (7nm for ILS) of that aerodrome and established not below on slope
within 10nm, established not below the ILS glide path
or cleared to conduct by ATC

Question 16

How much clearance do 10 and 25 nm safes provide?

Answer 16

1000ft

Question 17

When can you perform a procedure entry?

Answer 17

If controlled, with ATC clearance for approach
if using Nav aids
-the en route track to the procedures commencement fix or facility is within 30degrees either side of the first track procedure
for GNSS
-Is tracking to an initial approach waypoint
-if in CTA the aircraft is being vectored to intercept the IAP

Question 18

Difference between an initial approach point and initial approach fix

Answer 18

Points are for GNSS
Fixes are for ground based nav-aids

Question 19

Types of reversals?

Answer 19

Procedure turn 45/180
Procedure turn 80/260

Question 20

Describe a sector 1 entry

Answer 20

Parallel Entry
Turned onto an outbound heading for an appropriate period of time
The aircraft is turned onto the holding side to intercept the inbound track or to return to the fix
On second arrival over the holding fix, the aircraft is turned to follow the holding pattern

Question 21

Describe a Sector 2 entry

Answer 21

Offset Entry
Turned onto a heading to make good a track making an angle of 30degrees from the reciprocal of the inbound track on the holding side
Flown outbound for an appropriate period
Turned in the direction of the holding pattern to intercept the inbound holding track; then
On second arrival over the holding fix, turned to follow the holding pattern

Question 22

Describe a Sector 3 entry

Answer 22

Direct entry
On reaching the holding fix, the aircraft is turned to follow the holding pattern. Outbound timing begins abeam the fix

Question 23

Conditions of the aerodrome being below minima?

Answer 23

Total cloud amount below the ceiling minimum specified is continuously greater than SCT or vis is continuously below the visibility specified

Question 24

List QNH sources

Answer 24

AAIS, ATC, ATIS, AWIS, CA/GRS and WATIR
The forecast Aerodrome TAF QNH
Forecase area QNH

Question 25

When must you have a QNH source?

Answer 25

Prior to passing the IAF

Question 26

DME Limit

Answer 26

The distance at whic hthe outbound leg of the holding pattern must be terminated and the turn to the reciprocal track commenced.

Question 27

Shortening in the hold

Answer 27

Pilot may shorten the holding pattern to leave the holding fix at a specified time

Question 28

Descent in holding pattern

Answer 28

subject to ATC approval

Question 29

Alternate Minima Criteria

Answer 29

Cloud - More than SCT below HAA or HAT plus 500ft
Visibility - less than distance +2km

Question 30

ILS Failures NDB

Answer 30

Must join the ILS outside the outer marker as directed by NOTAM or ATC

Question 31

ILS Failures Glide Path

Answer 31

If glide path fails, localiser procedure only

Question 32

Marker Beacon ILS Failure

Answer 32

May use the ILS if the alternate fixes nominated on the IAL chart are used for altimetryG

Question 33

GBAS ILS Failure

Answer 33

If GBAS fails, GLS approaches are not available

Question 34

ILS Flight tolerances

Answer 34

Ensure obstacle clearance, both LOC/GLS final approach course and glide slope within half scale deflection

After the FAP, LOC/GLS final approach or glide slope indicates full scale deflection, conduct MAP

Question 35

SID Wind compensation

Answer 35

SID procedures assume that pilots WILL NOT compensate for wind if being VECTORED, but WILL compensate for known or estimated wind effects when flying departure routes which are expressed as tracks.

Question 36

Can you join a SID airborne?

Answer 36

Yes, provided you have visually position over runway centre line

Question 37

Can you do a holding patter/orbit in a DME/GNSS arrival?

Answer 37

An aircraft must not orbin, enter a holding pattern, or use holding pattern entry procedures.

Question 38

Lighting signals and meanings

Answer 38

STEADY GREEN
ON GROUND: Auth to take off
FLIGHT: Auth to land

STEADY RED
ON GROUND: Stop
FLIGHT: Give way to other aircraft

GREEN FLASHES
ON GROUND: Auth to taxi
FLIGHT: Return for landing

RED FLASHES
ON GROUND: Taxi clear of landing area
FLIGHT: Aerodrome unsafe - do not land

WHITE FLASHES
ON GROUND: Return to starting point on aerodrome