Fetal Nourishment and Development Flashcards
What causes the accumulation in size around 20 weeks
The baby starts building up proteins and lipids
Zona Reaction
Sperm head contains enzymes that allow it to penetrate the acrosome wall and make the egg impenetrable to any other sperm
What are the 3 layers of the egg
Corona radiata
Zona pellucida
Oolemma/oocyte
Where does fertilization occur in the vagina?
fertilize in the widest part of the fallopian tube (close to fimbria)
4 stages to early implantation
Stage 1: fertilization to a Zygote
Stage 2: zygote divides 2- — Morula (16-32) uterine cavity
Stage 3: Early blastocyst to late blastocyst (uterus wall)
Stage 4: implantation
Zona pellucida important for dividing cells because
it provides a source of nutrients to cells that are dividing
When does the Zona pellucida degarde
when it enters the uterus (day 4-5)
How is nutrients provided after zona degrades
Supplied from secretion of the uterine glands - glycogen (main)
Blastocyst (describe)
Hollow ball with Inner cell mass
Trophoblast - outer layer
Early week 2
Trophoblast cells secrete enzymes that help it burrow into the endometrium — once fully attached it can begin to receive nutrients
Later week 2
Inner cell mass becomes flattened disc and amniotic cavity develops
2 layers form - Epiblast and hypoblast
Epiblast layer
Next to amniotic cavity
Gives rise to Ectoderm and mesoderm
Hypoblast layer
Next to blastocyst cavity
Gives rise to endoderm
Gets thickkk = cranial region
Purpose of the Lacunar networks
beginning of maternal-fetal circulation - develops within trophoblast - primary chorionic villi
What occurs week three of embryotic development
Gastrulation - formation of the 3 germ layers
Neurulation - formation of the central nervous system
Cardiovascular system begins
What are the three germ layers
Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Epidermis, hair, nails, teeth enamel, internal ear, retina
CAN, PNS
Endoderm
Lining of respiratory and gastro tract
Epithelium of liver, pancreas, bladder
Mesoderm
SKM, CV System, reproductive and excretory system
Why would the pancreas be unaffected by maternal folate amounts
It does not develop until the 3rd trimester
Later week 3
Folding of the neural tube
Development of paired somites from mesoderm, Coelom, link heart tubes, completion of chorionic villi
Where would malformation resulting in spina bifida occur
the neural crest
Purpose of the chorionic villi
Finger like projections on surface of placenta - play a key role in the exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products between mother and fetus
Sequential gene
Week 4-8, major folding transverse and longitudinal - controlled by sequential gene