14 - School Aged Children

Question 1

What age range is middle childhood

Answer 1

5-9 yr old

Question 2

What age is preadolescence

Answer 2

Girls: 9-11
Boys: 10-12

Question 3

Average growth of school aged children per year

Answer 3

3-3.5kg and 6 cm per year

Question 4

What are some growth patterns of school aged children

Answer 4

• Growth in spurts
• Slowed growth rates from earlier stages

Question 5

How should growth be monitored?

Answer 5

• Weight for age (until 10)
• Height for age
• BMI for age

Question 6

What is rebound adiposity?

Answer 6

The normal gain in fat mass starting at 6-7 years of age (associated with normal increase in BMI; greater fat mass gain for girls)
- Early rebound adiposity associated with obesity

Question 7

How does energy of physical activity change in childhood?

Answer 7

Contributes more to energy expenditure; becomes more variable.

Question 8

How does cognitive and social development look in childhood?

Answer 8

• Decreased egocentrism
• More rational/cause and effect, but still concrete
• Development of self efficacy
• Increase importance of peer relationships
• Greater independence (caretakers should promote autonomy)

Question 9

How do eating behaviours change during childhood?

Answer 9

• Eat more away from home; independent food choices
• Family is still strongest influence
• Influence of peers and environment increases

Question 10

What is the diet quality of children 9-13 years?

Answer 10

• Average diet quality was around 60
• 90% in requires improvement; 10% in poor quality
• Almost none in good quality

Question 11

How is energy expenditure/needs estimated in children?

Answer 11

• Different formula for M and F
• Separate formula for 3-8 years and 9-18 years
• Considers weight, height, age, and physical activity level

Question 12

What percentage of 5-11 year olds are overweight/obese?

Answer 12

• 19.7% overweight
• 13.1% obese
• 1.5% underweight

Question 13

How much sitting, sleeping, stepping, and sweating time should 5 -13 year olds have?

Answer 13

Sitting: No more than 2 hours
Sleeping: 9-11 hours
Stepping: Several hours
Sweating: At least 60 minutes; 3 days/week of vigorous and bone/muscle strengthening

Question 14

Fibre recommendations for 4-8 years and 9-13 years?

Answer 14

4-8 years: 25g
9-13 year F: 26g
9-13 year M: 31g

Question 15

Protein recommendations for children 4-13 years

Answer 15

0.95g/kg BW

Question 16

Do children ages 9 -13 years meet the AMDRs?

Answer 16

Females generally consume lower (11%) than fat AMDR and males consume higher (12%)

Question 17

What micronutrients are of concern for children 9-13 years (below EAR)?

Answer 17

• Iron
• Calcium
• Vitamin D (most below)
• Vitamin A
• Zinc (girls)
• Sodium (majority have intake above UL); Potassium (median intake below AI) due to processed food intake