Fertilization, Gametes, Pregnancy Flashcards
What is a gamete? Give two examples
A cell for the purpose of reproduction such as an ovum and a spermatozoon
When do women produce ovum and when do they stop?
Women produce ovum at puberty until middle age, female reproductive organs prepare for pregnancy every month
When do men produce spermatozoa and when do they stop?
Men start to produce spermatozoa at puberty and continue for the rest of their lives
What does ovum and spermatozoa carry?
Ovum carries half the mother’s genetic information and spermatozoa carries half the father’s genetic information
What is fertilization?
The union of two gametes (an ovum and a spermatozoon)
What is ovulation?
Every month one ovum is released fro, the overt towards a Fallopian tube
How is an ovum fertilized and what happens if it isn’t?
The ovum is fertilized if it meets a spermatozoon in a Fallopian tube, if not the female body will menstruated it 14 days later
How are fraternal twins produced?
A women produces two ova and both are fertilized
How are identical twins produced?
One ovum is fertilized and splits in two
When can an ovum be fertilized?
During her fertile period which lasts four days before ovulation to the day after ovulation
How long can ovum live? How long can spermatozoon live? How does this affect her fertile period?
Ovum can stay alive for 24 hours and spermatozoa can live for three to five days. Therefore a women’s fertile period lasts four days before ovulation to the day after ovulation.
What is menstruation?
When an unfertilized ovum is menstruated through blood flow
When does ovulation always occur?
14 days before the first day of menstruation
How much sperm does a man release in his semen?
A man releases millions of spermatozoa in his semen
What happens to other sperm after an ovum has been penetrated?
Once a spermatozoon penetrates the ovum, no other sperm can enter because the ovum is fertilized
How many spermatozoa reach the ovum?
One
What is pregnancy?
The time when a women carries an embryo, then a fetus in her uterus
When does pregnancy begin?
When a fertilized ovum is carried towards the uterus by millions of tiny hairs that mine the walls of the Fallopian tubes
What is a zygote?
An ovum that has been fertilized by a spermatozoon
What happens to a zygote on the first four days of fertilization?
It travels through the Fallopian tube to the uterus where it starts dividing to form a bundle of cells
What is implantation? How does this affect the zygote’s name?
When the zygote starts dividing, it’s cells attach to the endometrium and start to build a home. The zygote is now known as an embryo
How is the embryo connected to the placenta?
By the umbilical cord
What does the placenta allow the exchange and transfer of?
It allows for the exchange of respiratory gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and the transfer of nutrients & removal of waste
What is the embryo surrounded by and why?
It is surrounded by the amniotic save which is filled with amniotic fluid to protect it
When is the embryo known as a fetus?
After 8 weeks of pregnancy
What has formed at around 8 weeks of pregnancy
Most of the embryo’s organs
Fill in the blanks
The menstrual cry le is a series of events that mainly affects the ____________, the endometrium and the ____________. Unless a woman is pregnant, this cycle repeats regularly from _____________ to menopause.
Vagina, ovaries, pregnant, puberty
True or false?
Spermatozoa can survive up to five days in the uterus and Fallopian tubes?
True
True or false?
Fertilization occurs in the uterus
False
It occurs in the Fallopian tubes
Who am I?
I am the time when an ovum is released by an ovary
Ovulation
What is an umbilical cord?
It connects the placenta to the embryo
What is amniotic fluid?
It provides protection against outside impacts
What is the placenta?
It allows food, gas and waste to be exchanged
What is the amniotic sac?
A membrane that holds the embryo and the amniotic fluid
What is the Fallopian tube?
The place where fertilization occurs
What is the endometrium?
A membrane that mines the interior if the uterus. It has many blood vessels
Match the stage of pregnancy with its description
a) zygote 1) the future child grows and gains mass
b) embryo 2) characterized by cellular division
c) fetus 3) most of the organs are formed
a) –> 2
b) –> 1
c) –> 3
True or false?
Each gamete contains all the individual’s genetic information?
False
Sache gamete contains half
Which organs produce gametes?
a) male
b) female
a) testicles
b) ovaries
Who am I?
I always happen 14 days before the first day of menstruation
Ovulation
14, before, ovum, ovary
Fill in the blanks
Ovulation always happens _______ days ____________ ovulation. During that time, an __________ is released from an ____________
True or false?
Two spermatozoa can fertilize the same ovum
False
Only one spermatozoon can fertilize an ovum
True or false?
A woman is fertile at the beginning of her menstrual cycle?
False
She is fertile 4 days before and one day after ovulation
Fill in the blanks
An ovum lives for _______ hours, while a _______________ can
live from 3 to 5 days. This means a woman’s _____________ period lasts from four days before ______________ to the day after it happens.
24, spermatozoa, fertile, ovulation
