Fertilisation and embryology Flashcards
What is a zygote?
A - A cell formed when two embryos join, which will develop into a gamete
B - A cell formed when two gametes join, which will develop into an embryo
C - A cell formed when two gametes join, which will develop into a gland
B - A cell formed when two gametes join, which will develop into an embryo
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is when the single cell separates from a diploid cell to two haploid cells each containing 23 chromosomes (sex cells only)
Name the male and female gametes.
Ovum, egg, oozyte
Spermatozoa
Which embryonic stage consists of a solid compact mass of 16 or more cells?
Morula
What is the outside layer of the blastocyst?
Trophoblast
What is capacitation?
A - the physiological changes undergone by the sperm enabling them to penetrate and fertilise the ovum.
B - embedding into the endometrium.
C- the head of sperm
A
What are the 3 germ layers produced by Gastrulation?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm
What is the definition of the zona pellucida?
The outer layer of the ovum that is composed of glycoproteins.
What is the difference between the chorion and the amnion?
The chorion is closer to the mother, whereas the amnion is closer to the fetus.
What provides nourishment to the fetus before 12 weeks gestation?
Yolk sac
What are the 3 layers of epiblast cells, which form particular parts of the embryo?
A- hypoblast, chorion and amnion
B- trophoblast, cytotrophoblast, synctiontrophoblast
C- blastocyst, blastocoele, embryoblast
D - ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
What is the function of the corpus luteum in fertilisation?
The corpus luteum releases progesterone and oestrogen until the placenta takes over.
What is the role of progesterone during fertilisation?
Maintains the integrity of the decidua which suppresses menstruation.
What is gastrulation?
The formation of the 3 derm layers.
