Fermentation

Question 0

fermentation starts at the …

Answer 0

end in the cytoplasm

Question 1

aerobic respiration and fermentation both start in…

Answer 1

the cytoplasm with glycolysis and yields 2 ATP

Question 2

obligate anaerobes

Answer 2

carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration (using sulfate or metal ions)
cannot survive in the presence of O2

Question 3

facultative anaerobes

Answer 3

used either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation

yeast and many bacteria

Question 4

pyruvate in facultative anaerobiasis

Answer 4

substrate for two alternative catabolic pathways in facultative anaerobes

Question 5

natural alcohol fermentation by yeasts in fruits

Answer 5

breaks in the skin of grapes and fruit allows entry of microbes
once O is consume, yeast switches to fermentation

Question 6

anaerobic prokaryotes evolved before

Answer 6

…O revolution

Question 7

first prokaryotes

Answer 7

ATP exclusively from glycolysis and fermentation
enzymes in cytoplasm
later-advantage for prokaryotes that could Oxygen-aerobic metabolism

Question 8

photosynthesis

Answer 8

solar energy->chemical energy

planets, algae, certain other protists and some prokaryotes

Question 9

autotrophs

Answer 9

-producers of the biosphere
CO2 + inorganic molecules -> organic molecules
-self feeders, they sustain themselves without eating anything from other living beings

Question 10

what is the energy source in photoautotrophs?

Answer 10

sunlight

Question 11

heterotrophs

Answer 11

organic material from other organisms

consumers of the biosphere, they live on compounds produced by other organisms

Question 12

sunlight

Answer 12

electromagnetic energy/radiation

rhythmic waves/ discrete particles, photons

Question 13

visible light

Answer 13

wavelength that we can see

Question 14

wavelength

Answer 14

distance between crests of waves (characterized the type of electromagnetic energy)

Question 15

pigments

Answer 15

absorb certain wavelengths of visible light

-absorbed wavelengths disappear

Question 16

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 16

entire range of radiation

Question 17

chlorophyll a

Answer 17

the key light capturing pigment which participates directly in the light reactions

Question 18

chlorophyll b

Answer 18

works in conjunction with chlorophyll a

Question 19

carotenoids

Answer 19

hydrocarbons that are carious shades of yellow and orange because they absorb violet and blue-green light

Question 20

chlorophyll reflects and transmits light

Answer 20

leaves appear green

absorbs other wavelengths

Question 21

High transmittance=

Answer 21

high reflection/ low absorbance

Question 22

white light through a prism focus’s a certain wavelength through a solution, what happens to the light that is transmitted?

Answer 22

converted to an electrical current

Question 23

low transmittance=

Answer 23

low reflection/high absorbance

Question 24

carotenoids

Answer 24

absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

Question 25

chlorophyll b

Answer 25

broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis

Question 26

phycoerythin

Answer 26

yellow and brown carotenoids

they are algal photosynthetic pigments

Question 27

photo excitation of chlorophyll

Answer 27

absorption of a photon exits an electron of chlorophyll to a higher energy- unstable
electron quickly drops back down to ground state
if not captured,energy released as heat and fluorescent light

Question 28

photosynthesis uses…

Answer 28

released energy

Question 29

redox reaction

Answer 29

co2 is reduced and h2o is oxidized

Question 30

What does sulfur bacteria use instead of water?

Answer 30

hydrogen