DNA

Question 0

daughter DNA molecules

Answer 0

each consisting of one parental strand and one new strand

Question 1

separation of strand

Answer 1

parent strands separated

Question 2

parent molecules

Answer 2

2 parent strands attached

Question 3

Synthesizing a new DNA strand. Enzymes called DNA polymerases catalyze

Answer 3

the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork

Question 4

the antiparallel structure of the double helix (two strands oriented in opposite directions)…

Answer 4

affects replication

Question 5

DNA polymerases add nucleotides only to free 3’ end of a growing strand;

Answer 5

therefore a new DNA strand can elongate only in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 6

along one template strand of DNA, the DNA polymerase synthesizes a ___________ continuously, moving toward the replication fork.

Answer 6

leading strand

Question 7

to elongate the other new strand , called the lagging strand,

Answer 7

DNA polymerase must work in the direction away from the replication fork. the lagging s strand is synthesized as a series of segments call Okazaki fragments, which are joined together by DNA ligase

Question 8

The proteins that participate in DNA replication form a large complex, a

Answer 8

DNA replication machine

Question 9

The DNA replication machine is probably stationary during

Answer 9

the replication process

Question 10

DNA polymerases proofed newly made DNA,

Answer 10

Replacing any incorrect nucleotides

Question 11

in mismatch repair of DNA

Answer 11

repair enzymes correct error in base pairing

Question 12

DNA can be damaged by:

Answer 12

chemicals
radioactive emission, 
x-rays
uv light
and certain molecules (ex cigarette smoke)

Question 13

a chromosome consists of a DNA molecules packed together with

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

the bacterial chromosome is a

Answer 14

double stranded, circular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protein

Question 15

Eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 15

have linear DNA molecules associated with a large amount of protein

Question 16

Chromatin

Answer 16

a complex of DNA and protein, and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Histones

Answer 17

are proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin

Question 18

30 nm fiber

Answer 18

interactions b/w nucleosomes cause the thin fibre to coil or fold into this thicker fibre

Question 19

300 nm fiber

Answer 19

the 30 nm fiber forms looped domains that attach to proteins

Question 20

Metaphase chromosome

Answer 20

the looped domains coil further

the width of a chromatid is 700 nm

Question 21

The information content of DNA is in the form of

Answer 21

specific sequences of nucleotides

Question 22

The DNA inherited by an organism leads to

Answer 22

specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins