1 intro to biology

Question 0

5 basics of evolution by natural selection:

Answer 0

• individuals in a population vary in their traits
• heritable traits are passed from parents to offspring
• a populations produces more offspring than can survive
• individuals with traits best suited for the current local environment will survive and reproduce
• the suitable traits will become increasingly common in the population

Question 1

Living things do six things:

Answer 1

• exhibit order(sunflower,pattern)
• process energy(solar energy-chemical-kinetic, maintaining order requires energy)
• respond to environment/stimuli(adjust structure, function behaviour)
• reproduce, grow develop (genes, DNA)
• regulate internal conditions(concentrations of molecules, temperature,blood flow through vessels to maintain body temp.)
• adapt and evolve (well adapted individuals are more successful at survival and reproduction, ex animals camouflaged in its environment)

Question 2

are viruses alive?

Answer 2

no but they have evolved

Question 3

Do viruses have order and evolution?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

How do viruses work?

Answer 4

• They reproduce only in a host cell

- infected cell makes viral proteins through viral DNA/RNA

Question 5

levels of biological organization:

Answer 5

biosphere:all environments inhabited with life
ecosystems:all the biotic and abiotic components of an area
communities:all organisms in an ecosystem
populations:all individuals of a species
organisms:individual living things
organs and organ systems:carry particular functions in the organism
tissues:groups of similar cells, make up organs
cells:fundamental unit of life
organelles:components of cells
molecules:chemical structure

Question 6

Modern cell theory:

Answer 6

• cells arise from pre-existing cells
• cells are similar in chemical composition
• life’s chemical reactions are in an aqueous medium (water is the solvent)

Question 7

traits of prokaryotic:

Answer 7

• single-celled (always unicellular) and microscopic
• genetic info in cytoplasm
• No membrane bound organelles (no nucleus)

Question 8

archaea and bacteria are…

Answer 8

prokaryotic

Question 9

traits of eukaryotic:

Answer 9

• has membrane bound organelles (nucleus)
• multicellular or unicellular
• DNA found in nucleus
• highly specialized cells
• found in different kingdoms

Question 10

Eukarya is …

Answer 10

Eukaryotic

Question 11

Kingdom plantae

Answer 11

consists of terrestrial multicellular eukaryotes (land plants) that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy in food

Question 12

kingdom fungi

Answer 12

defined in part by the nutritional mode of its members (such as a mushroom), which absorb nutrients from outside their bodies

Question 13

kingdom Animalia

Answer 13

consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms

Question 14

Protists

Answer 14

are mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relatively simple multicellular relatives

Question 15

size, shape, composition of an organism, cell, organelle, etc. has evolved to do what?

Answer 15

fulfill its functions

Question 16

organism

Answer 16

body shape

Question 17

organ systems / physiology

Answer 17

blood flow

Question 18

molecules

Answer 18

hemoglobin and myoglobin

Question 19

selection for form and function can result in..

Answer 19

similar forms in distantly related organisms

Question 20

observation

Answer 20

• qualitative and quantitative

- derive generalizations, often about patterns

Question 21

hypothesis testing guidelines:

Answer 21

• performing experiments to test ideas/explanations
• manipulations of a variable
• (experimental, control)
• use more than one individual
• apply a treatment to an experimental group
• compare to a control group (not exposed to treatment)
• results support our hypothesis

Question 22

chart of hypothesis testing:

Answer 22

l________Not supported_________l
observation - hypothesis - prediction - experiment - conclusion
l_better understanding _l