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Femur and Pelvic Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

Four bones of the pelvis

A

left hip
right hip
coccyx
sacrum

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2
Q

3 divisions of the hip bone

A

ilium
ishium
pubis

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3
Q

Innominate bone is another name for

A
  • one half of the pelvic girdle
  • hip bone
    -ossa caxae
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4
Q

What is the largest foramen in the body?

A

Obturator Foramen

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5
Q

Which landmark is not a palpable bony landmark?

A

Lesser trochanter

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6
Q

2 aspects of the ishium?

A

body
ramus

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7
Q

False pelvis

A
  • supports the lower abdominal organs
  • formed primarily by the ala of the ilium
  • greater pelvis
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8
Q

True pelvis

A
  • lesser pelvis
  • cavity
  • forms the actual birth canal
  • found below the pelvic brim
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9
Q

the angle of the pubic arch on an average male pelvis

A

acute

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10
Q

the angle of the pubic arch on an average female pelvis

A

obtuse

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11
Q

radiographic characteristics of the male pelvis

A
  • heart shaped inlet
  • acute pubic arch
  • iliac wings are less flared
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12
Q

radiographic characteristics of the female pelvis

A
  • iliac wings are more flared
  • obtuse pubic arch
  • larger and more rounded inlet
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13
Q

of these structures, which is most posterior?
- ischial spines
- ASIS
- symphysis pubis
- acetabulum

A

ischial spines

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14
Q

the small depression near the center of the femoral head where a ligament is attached is called …

A

fovea capitis

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15
Q

which joints are synovial joints with amphiarthrodial mobility?

A

SI joint

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16
Q

what device should be used for an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip to equalize density (brightness) of the hip region?

A

wedge compensating filter

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17
Q

a geriatric pt with an externally rotated lower limb may have

A

a fractured proximal femur

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18
Q

what pathologic indications may result in the early fusion of the SI joints

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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19
Q

Radiographic appearances of

Pelvic ring fracture

A

bilateral radiolucent lines across bones and misalignment of SI joints

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20
Q

radiographic appearances of

DDH

A

increased hip joint space and misalignment

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21
Q

radiographic appearances of

Osteoarthritis

A

hallmark sign of spurring and narrowing of joint space

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22
Q

radiographic appearances of

SCFE

A

epiphyses appear shorter and epiphyseal plate wider

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23
Q

radiographic appearances of

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

early fusion of SI joints and “bamboo spine”

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24
Q

radiographic appearances of

Metastatic Carcinoma

A

usually consists of numerous small lytic lesions

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25
Q

what radiographic sign indicates that the proximal femurs are in position for a true AP projection?

A

limited visibility of the lesser trochanter in profile

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26
Q

another term for the outlet of the true pelvis

A

inferior aperture

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27
Q

an externally rotated foot is the typical physical sign of a possible _____

A

hip fracture

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28
Q

Bilateral modified Cleaves method is used for

A

evaluating a pediatric pt for congenital hip dislocation

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29
Q

CR for an AP axial for outlet (Taylor method) for a male pt.?

A

20-35 cephalad

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30
Q

how much is the pelvis and/or thorax rotated for a PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?

A

35-40 towards affected side

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31
Q

CR angle required for the PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?

A

12 cephalad

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32
Q

unilateral frog-leg is for

A

nontraumatic hip

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33
Q

CR angle for Judet method?

A

None. CR is perpendicular

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34
Q

AP axial projection used to _

A

evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible f/x

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35
Q

Clements-Nakayama method is used for __

A

trauma lateral hip

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36
Q

centering for AP pelvis projection

A

midway between the ASIS and symphysis

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37
Q

Pt enters the ED having sustained trauma to the pelvis (left hip pain). What should be the first image?

A

AP Pelvis

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38
Q

The hip joint is a _____ joint.

A

Synovial Ball and Socket

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39
Q

The “Outlet” projection of the pelvis will be demonstrate ____

A

Superior and Inferior Rami of the pubis

40
Q

Which structure of the pelvis articulates with the femur?

A

Acetabulum

41
Q

Which bones of the pelvis compose the acetabulum?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

42
Q

When performing the inferosuperior axiolateral hip, the CR should be directed to ____

A

Femoral Neck

43
Q

The inferiosuperior axiolateral hip is also referred to as _____

A

Danelius-Miller Method

44
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP Pelvis?

A

Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

45
Q

The inferosuperior axiolateral of the hip requires the CR to be _____ to the femoral neck.

A

Perpendicular

46
Q

What is the kV range for an AP pelvis?

47
Q

Where does the CR enter the pt for an AP hip?

A

2.5” distal on the line drawn between the ASIS and pubic symphysis of the affected side

48
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis?

49
Q

The two palpable bony landmarks used for accurate localization of the hip are the _____

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and the Pubic Symphysis

50
Q

What is the CR angle for an AP projection of the hip?

51
Q

What projection of the hip should the unaffected hip/thigh be raised out of the way of the CR?

A

Axiolateral projection (Danelius-Miller or “cross table”)

52
Q

What should be done to place the femoral necks parallel with the IR for an AP pelvis?

A

Rotate the lower limbs medially 15-20 degrees

53
Q

What should be in profile if the lower limbs are in the correct position for an AP pelvis?

A

Greater Trochanters

54
Q

The area of the brim of the pelvis is referred to as the ____

A

False Pelvis

55
Q

The Fovea Capitus can be found on which bone?

56
Q

The innonimate bone is made up of ____

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

57
Q

How much should the thighs be abducted for the modified Cleaves Method?

A

40-45 degrees

58
Q

What is the projection of the Modified Cleaves often called?

A

Frog-Leg Projection

59
Q

The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at the approximate angle of

A

15-20 degrees

60
Q

The projection best demonstrating the anterior rim of the acetabulum ___

61
Q

Proper positioning of the lateral knee is indicated by what evaluation criteria?

A

Femoral condyles are superimposed

62
Q

Sacroiliac Joints
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:

A

Classification: Synovial
Mobility Type: Amphiarthrodial
Movement Type: Limited

63
Q

Hip Joint
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:

A

Classification: Synovial
Mobility Type: Diarthrodial
Movement Type: Spheroidal

64
Q

Symphysis Pubis
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:

A

Classification: Cartilaginous
Mobility Type: Amphiarthrodial
Movement Type: Limited

65
Q

Union of Acetabulum
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:

A

Classification: Cartilaginous
Mobility Type: Synarthrodial
Movement Type: Immovable

66
Q

4 bones of the pelvis

A

Left hip
Right hip
Coccyx
Sacrum

67
Q

3 divisions of the hip bone

A

Ischium
Ilium
Pubis

68
Q

Innominate bone is another name for

A

One half of the pelvis girdle
Hip bone
ossa coxae

69
Q

Largest foramen in the body

A

Obterature Foramen

70
Q

Palpable bony landmarks

A

Greater Trochanter
Ischial Tuberosity
ASIS

71
Q

2 aspects of the ischium

72
Q

Name of imaginary plane that separates the false and true pelvis?

A

Pelvic brim

73
Q

Characteristics of the False Pelvis

A

Supports lower abdominal organs
Formed primarily by the Ala of the ilium
Greater pelvis

74
Q

Characteristics of the true pelvis

A

Lesser pelvis
Cavity
Forms birth canal
Found below pelvic brim

75
Q

The pubic arch angle on an average male pelvis is an _____ angle that is _____ 90 degrees

A

Acute
Less than

76
Q

The pubic arch on an average female pelvis is an _____ angle that is ____ than 90 degrees

A

Obtuse
More than

77
Q

Characteristics of a male pelvis

A

Heart shaped inlet
Acute pubic arch
Iliac wings less flared

78
Q

Characteristics of a Female pelvis

A

Iliac wings are more flared
Obtuse pubic arch
Larger and more rounded inlet

79
Q

Most posterior structure:
Ischial spines
ASIS
Symphysis Pubis
Acetabulum

A

Ischial spines

80
Q

Small depression near the center of the femoral head where a ligament is attached to

A

Fovea Capitis

81
Q

Which of the following joints are synovial joints but with Amphiarthrodial mobility?

Union of acetabulum
Hip joints
SI joints
Symphysis pubis

82
Q

Which of the following filters should be used for a collateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip to equalize density (brightness) of the hip region?

A

Wedge Compensating Filter

83
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

May result in the early fusion of SI joints

84
Q

Clinical indication of a Pelvic Ring F/X

A

Bilateral radiolucent lines across the bones and misalignment of the SI joints

85
Q

Clinical indications of DDH

A

Increased hip joint space and misalignment

86
Q

Clinical indications of Osteoarthritis

A

Hallmark sign of spurring and narrowing of the joint space

87
Q

Clinical indications of SCFE

A

Epiphyses appear shorter and epiphyseal plate wider

88
Q

Clinical indications of Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Early fusion of SI joints and bamboo spine

89
Q

Clinical indications of Metastatic Carcinoma

A

Usually consists of numerous small lytic lesions

90
Q

What is another term for the outlet of the true pelvis?

A

Inferior Aperture

91
Q

Pediatric pt. Projection

A

Bilateral modified Cleaves

92
Q

What type of CR angle is required when using the AP axial for outlet (Taylor’s method) for a male?

A

20-35 degrees cephalad

93
Q

How much is the pelvis and/or thorax rotated for a PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for Acetabulum?

A

35-40 degrees towards affected side

94
Q

What type of CR angle is required for the PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?

A

12 degrees cephalad

95
Q

What type of CR angle is required for the Judet method?

A

None. CR perpendicular.

96
Q

Which projection is used to evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible fracture?

A

AP axial projection

Procedures (15 decks)

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