Femur and Pelvic Girdle Flashcards
1
Q
Four bones of the pelvis
A
left hip
right hip
coccyx
sacrum
2
Q
3 divisions of the hip bone
A
ilium
ishium
pubis
3
Q
Innominate bone is another name for
A
- one half of the pelvic girdle
- hip bone
-ossa caxae
4
Q
What is the largest foramen in the body?
A
Obturator Foramen
5
Q
Which landmark is not a palpable bony landmark?
A
Lesser trochanter
6
Q
2 aspects of the ishium?
A
body
ramus
7
Q
False pelvis
A
- supports the lower abdominal organs
- formed primarily by the ala of the ilium
- greater pelvis
8
Q
True pelvis
A
- lesser pelvis
- cavity
- forms the actual birth canal
- found below the pelvic brim
9
Q
the angle of the pubic arch on an average male pelvis
A
acute
10
Q
the angle of the pubic arch on an average female pelvis
A
obtuse
11
Q
radiographic characteristics of the male pelvis
A
- heart shaped inlet
- acute pubic arch
- iliac wings are less flared
12
Q
radiographic characteristics of the female pelvis
A
- iliac wings are more flared
- obtuse pubic arch
- larger and more rounded inlet
13
Q
of these structures, which is most posterior?
- ischial spines
- ASIS
- symphysis pubis
- acetabulum
A
ischial spines
14
Q
the small depression near the center of the femoral head where a ligament is attached is called …
A
fovea capitis
15
Q
which joints are synovial joints with amphiarthrodial mobility?
A
SI joint
16
Q
what device should be used for an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip to equalize density (brightness) of the hip region?
A
wedge compensating filter
17
Q
a geriatric pt with an externally rotated lower limb may have
A
a fractured proximal femur
18
Q
what pathologic indications may result in the early fusion of the SI joints
A
ankylosing spondylitis
19
Q
Radiographic appearances of
Pelvic ring fracture
A
bilateral radiolucent lines across bones and misalignment of SI joints
20
Q
radiographic appearances of
DDH
A
increased hip joint space and misalignment
21
Q
radiographic appearances of
Osteoarthritis
A
hallmark sign of spurring and narrowing of joint space
22
Q
radiographic appearances of
SCFE
A
epiphyses appear shorter and epiphyseal plate wider
23
Q
radiographic appearances of
Ankylosing Spondylitis
A
early fusion of SI joints and “bamboo spine”
24
Q
radiographic appearances of
Metastatic Carcinoma
A
usually consists of numerous small lytic lesions
25
what radiographic sign indicates that the proximal femurs are in position for a true AP projection?
limited visibility of the lesser trochanter in profile
26
another term for the outlet of the true pelvis
inferior aperture
27
an externally rotated foot is the typical physical sign of a possible _____
hip fracture
28
Bilateral modified Cleaves method is used for
evaluating a pediatric pt for congenital hip dislocation
29
CR for an AP axial for outlet (Taylor method) for a male pt.?
20-35 cephalad
30
how much is the pelvis and/or thorax rotated for a PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?
35-40 towards affected side
31
CR angle required for the PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?
12 cephalad
32
unilateral frog-leg is for
nontraumatic hip
33
CR angle for Judet method?
None. CR is perpendicular
34
AP axial projection used to _
evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible f/x
35
Clements-Nakayama method is used for __
trauma lateral hip
36
centering for AP pelvis projection
midway between the ASIS and symphysis
37
Pt enters the ED having sustained trauma to the pelvis (left hip pain). What should be the first image?
AP Pelvis
38
The hip joint is a _____ joint.
Synovial Ball and Socket
39
The “Outlet” projection of the pelvis will be demonstrate ____
Superior and Inferior Rami of the pubis
40
Which structure of the pelvis articulates with the femur?
Acetabulum
41
Which bones of the pelvis compose the acetabulum?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
42
When performing the inferosuperior axiolateral hip, the CR should be directed to ____
Femoral Neck
43
The inferiosuperior axiolateral hip is also referred to as _____
Danelius-Miller Method
44
Where is the IR centered for an AP Pelvis?
Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
45
The inferosuperior axiolateral of the hip requires the CR to be _____ to the femoral neck.
Perpendicular
46
What is the kV range for an AP pelvis?
80-90
47
Where does the CR enter the pt for an AP hip?
2.5” distal on the line drawn between the ASIS and pubic symphysis of the affected side
48
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis?
Suspend.
49
The two palpable bony landmarks used for accurate localization of the hip are the _____
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and the Pubic Symphysis
50
What is the CR angle for an AP projection of the hip?
0 degrees
51
What projection of the hip should the unaffected hip/thigh be raised out of the way of the CR?
Axiolateral projection (Danelius-Miller or “cross table”)
52
What should be done to place the femoral necks parallel with the IR for an AP pelvis?
Rotate the lower limbs medially 15-20 degrees
53
What should be in profile if the lower limbs are in the correct position for an AP pelvis?
Greater Trochanters
54
The area of the brim of the pelvis is referred to as the ____
False Pelvis
55
The Fovea Capitus can be found on which bone?
Femur
56
The innonimate bone is made up of ____
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
57
How much should the thighs be abducted for the modified Cleaves Method?
40-45 degrees
58
What is the projection of the Modified Cleaves often called?
Frog-Leg Projection
59
The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at the approximate angle of
15-20 degrees
60
The projection best demonstrating the anterior rim of the acetabulum ___
Judet
61
Proper positioning of the lateral knee is indicated by what evaluation criteria?
Femoral condyles are superimposed
62
Sacroiliac Joints
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:
Classification: Synovial
Mobility Type: Amphiarthrodial
Movement Type: Limited
63
Hip Joint
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:
Classification: Synovial
Mobility Type: Diarthrodial
Movement Type: Spheroidal
64
Symphysis Pubis
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:
Classification: Cartilaginous
Mobility Type: Amphiarthrodial
Movement Type: Limited
65
Union of Acetabulum
Classification:
Mobility Type:
Movement Type:
Classification: Cartilaginous
Mobility Type: Synarthrodial
Movement Type: Immovable
66
4 bones of the pelvis
Left hip
Right hip
Coccyx
Sacrum
67
3 divisions of the hip bone
Ischium
Ilium
Pubis
68
Innominate bone is another name for
One half of the pelvis girdle
Hip bone
ossa coxae
69
Largest foramen in the body
Obterature Foramen
70
Palpable bony landmarks
Greater Trochanter
Ischial Tuberosity
ASIS
71
2 aspects of the ischium
Body
Ramus
72
Name of imaginary plane that separates the false and true pelvis?
Pelvic brim
73
Characteristics of the False Pelvis
Supports lower abdominal organs
Formed primarily by the Ala of the ilium
Greater pelvis
74
Characteristics of the true pelvis
Lesser pelvis
Cavity
Forms birth canal
Found below pelvic brim
75
The pubic arch angle on an average male pelvis is an _____ angle that is _____ 90 degrees
Acute
Less than
76
The pubic arch on an average female pelvis is an _____ angle that is ____ than 90 degrees
Obtuse
More than
77
Characteristics of a male pelvis
Heart shaped inlet
Acute pubic arch
Iliac wings less flared
78
Characteristics of a Female pelvis
Iliac wings are more flared
Obtuse pubic arch
Larger and more rounded inlet
79
Most posterior structure:
Ischial spines
ASIS
Symphysis Pubis
Acetabulum
Ischial spines
80
Small depression near the center of the femoral head where a ligament is attached to
Fovea Capitis
81
Which of the following joints are synovial joints but with Amphiarthrodial mobility?
Union of acetabulum
Hip joints
SI joints
Symphysis pubis
SI joints
82
Which of the following filters should be used for a collateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip to equalize density (brightness) of the hip region?
Wedge Compensating Filter
83
Ankylosing Spondylitis
May result in the early fusion of SI joints
84
Clinical indication of a Pelvic Ring F/X
Bilateral radiolucent lines across the bones and misalignment of the SI joints
85
Clinical indications of DDH
Increased hip joint space and misalignment
86
Clinical indications of Osteoarthritis
Hallmark sign of spurring and narrowing of the joint space
87
Clinical indications of SCFE
Epiphyses appear shorter and epiphyseal plate wider
88
Clinical indications of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Early fusion of SI joints and bamboo spine
89
Clinical indications of Metastatic Carcinoma
Usually consists of numerous small lytic lesions
90
What is another term for the outlet of the true pelvis?
Inferior Aperture
91
Pediatric pt. Projection
Bilateral modified Cleaves
92
What type of CR angle is required when using the AP axial for outlet (Taylor’s method) for a male?
20-35 degrees cephalad
93
How much is the pelvis and/or thorax rotated for a PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for Acetabulum?
35-40 degrees towards affected side
94
What type of CR angle is required for the PA axial oblique (Teufel method) for acetabulum?
12 degrees cephalad
95
What type of CR angle is required for the Judet method?
None. CR perpendicular.
96
Which projection is used to evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible fracture?
AP axial projection
