Determining Positioning Routines Flashcards
General Principles
- Minimum of two opposing projections (90 degrees)
- Minimum of three projections when joints are in the area of interest.
Exceptions to the General Principles rules
Postreduction of upper and lower limbs generally requires only 2 projections for fracture alignment.
Pelvis study requires 1 AP unless a hip injury is suspected.
Why do we do a minimum of 2 opposing projections?
- Superimposition of anatomic structures: Certain conditions (fractures, tumors) may not be visualized from one side.
- Localization of Lesions or Foreign bodies: Determining the location of lesions or foreign bodies.
- Determination of alignment of fractures: Needed to fully visualize the fracture and determine alignment following surgery.
How many Projections?
Forearm
2
How many Projections?
Humerus
2
How many Projections?
Femur
2
How many Projections?
Hips
2
How many Projections?
Tibia-Fibula
2
How many Projections?
Chest
2
What projections are used when joints are in the area of interest?
AP, PA, Lateral, and Oblique.
How many Projections?
Fingers
3
How many Projections?
Toes
3
How many Projections?
Hand
3
How many Projections?
Wrist
3
How many Projections?
Elbow
3
How many Projections?
Ankle
3
How many Projections?
Foot
3
How many Projections?
Knee
3
The physical localization of topographic landmarks
Palpation
Topographic Landmarks
Bony structures used to indicate the location of specific structures or organs within the body.
Which Topographic Landmarks may not be palpated depending on institutional policy?
Ischial Tuberosity (lower part of pelvis)
Pubic Symphysis
Topographic Landmarks for the chest
Sternal Notch (Jugular Notch): T-2
Sternal Angle: T-4
Inferior Angle of the Scapula: T-7
Xiphoid: T-10
Iliac Crest
Vertebra Prominens C-7 to T-7
