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HIstology > females repro 2 > Flashcards

females repro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

uterine tube is also known as

A

-fallopian tube
-oviduct
salpinx uterina

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2
Q

four segments of the uterine tube

A
  • infundibulum (In): funnel shaped and contains fimbriae which have many iliated cells and catches the ovum
  • Ampulla: fertilization usually occurs here
  • Isthmus
  • Intrmural
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3
Q

what is the function of the uterine tube?

A
  • provides bidirectional transport mechanisms for:
  • ovum (via ciliary action and peristalsis) towards the uterus
  • sperm movement away from the uterus, without the help from the uterine tube, the sperm would not make it to the egg
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4
Q

wall structure of the uterine tube

-from outer to inner

A
  • serosa (mesothelium, visceral peritoneum)
  • muscularis: inner circular outerlong
  • mucosa: longitudinal folds (resembling fern leaves)
  • epithelium: simple columnar, with ciliated and non-ciliated (peg) cells
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5
Q

describe the cyclic changes of the cells in the uterine tube

A
  • estrogen increases ciliogenesis

- progesterone increases secretory cells

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6
Q

what do the secretion of the uterine tube epithelium stimulate

A

-capacitation of the sperm cells (this is essential for the acrosome reaction)

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7
Q

layers of the uterus

A
  • perimetrium: mesothelium and underlying elastic tissue
  • myometrium: thich smooth muscle layers, cells oriented longitubinally
  • between inner an outer muscle layers is stratum vasculare
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8
Q

what is between the inner and outer layers of the uterine myometrium

A

-stratum basale which contains blood vessels and lymphatics

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9
Q

endometrium layers, just names

A
  • stratum functionale

- stratum basale

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10
Q

stratume functionale

-what are the names of the stages

A
  • lost during menstration
  • contains tubular uterine glands
  • conatins spiral arteries, capillaries and lacunae
  • has proliferative, secretroy and menstrual stages
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11
Q

stratum basale

A

-both glands and arteries retained during menstruation

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12
Q

proliferative stage of the stratum functionale

A
  • estrogenic
  • under control of estrogen from the follicle
  • stromal, endothelial and epithelial proliferation
  • epithelial migration covers denuded surface (following menstruation) and down growth (glands)
  • spiral arteries lengthen
  • collagen and ground substances
  • straight glands, no secretion
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13
Q

secretory stage of the stratum functionale

A
  • under control of progesterone from the corpus luteum
  • post ovulation (considering the corpus luteum does not exist during ovulation)
  • glands enlarge (sacculated , corkscrew shape)
  • glands fill with secretory products (glycogen)
  • spiral arteries lengthen
  • stromal fluid increases (edema)
  • process continues for about 10 days if no pregnancy occurs
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14
Q

menstrual stage of the stratum functionale

A
  • loss of corpus luteum hormones causes periodic spiral artery contractions (lasting hours)
  • stratum functionale becomes ischemic
  • dead tissue, blood lost during menstruation
  • blood flow to straight arteries in stratum basale is maintained; surviving glanduar cells will serve to re-populate
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15
Q 
uterine cervix
-glands
and epithelium
-vessels
-changes during cycle
A
  • large branched glands (simple columnar epithelium)
  • lack of spiral arteries
  • few morphologica changes occur during menstrual cycle
  • glands change during the cycle `
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16
Q

uterine cervix glandular changes during menstruation

A
  • near ovulation mucous production increases 10x

- however mucous at this time is less viscous that at other times of the cycle

17
Q

what is special about the external os

A
  • this is where the squamocolumnar junction is

- this is where the epithelium goes from SSNKE to simple columnar

18
Q

transformation zone

A
  • located at the external os in women of reproductive age
  • located within cervical canal before puberty and after menopause
  • metaplasia in this zone constitutes pre-cancerous lesions, this is why we do papsmears, if you catch it early enough you have a very good shot
  • SSNKE to simple columnar
19
Q

vaginal wall epithelium

A

SSNKE

  • keratohyaline granules sometime present
  • cyclical changes: estrogen increases glycogen production
20
Q

mucosa of the maginal wall

A
  • blood vessels

- CT papillae project into epithelium

21
Q

lubrication of the vaginal wall

A
  • no glands

- lubrication comes from: cervical glands, vestibular glands, and plasma transudate

22
Q

muscle of vaginal wall

A
  • smooth muscle mostly

- skeletal near vaginal opening

23
Q

mammary gland

A
  • compound alveolar gland with ducts and lactiferous sinus
  • lobes (15-25) seperated by suspensory ligaments (coopers)
  • terminal duct lobar units
  • merocrine (protein and apocrine (lipid) secretions
  • prolactin stimulates milk production
  • oxytocin stimulates milk ejection
24
Q

inactive mammary gland has mostly

A
  • ducts, no scretory alveoli

- duct cells and myoepithelial cells present with prominent basal lamina

25
Q

what happens during pregnancy to mammary glands

A

-increased proliferation of ducts and secretory alveoli

26
Q

what happens in a lactating mammary gland

A

-many secretory alveoli and ducts, little stroma

27
Q

hormonal process during pregnancy

A
  1. FSH stimulates follicle development and also aromatase expression
  2. LH stimulates androgen production by theca interna; aromatase converts this to estrogen
  3. estrogen stimulates endometrial proliferation. the rise in estrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates GnRH neurons, leading to the LH surge
  4. elevated LH leads to lutenization of the follicale; theca and granulosa cells make progesterone and esterogen
  5. rising progesterone and estrogen stimulate endometrial secretion
  6. collapse of the corpus luteum results in a drop in progesterone and endometrial isschemia

HIstology (19 decks)

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