Bone and Cartilage

Question 1

hyaline cartilage

• appearance
• composition
• location
• characteristic
• growth
• arrangement
• perichondrium?
• stain

Answer 1

• translucent
• very hydrated: resists compression
• abundant sulfated proteoglycans
• can be retracted from lacunae
• perichondrium at edges but not at articular surfaces, trachea and nose
• interstitial and apositional growth
• smooth
• located at all articular joint surfaces
• isogenous groups
• territorial matrix (basopihlic)
• homogenous interterritorial matrix
• basophilia due to chondroitin sulfates

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

• contains collagen 2
• contains sulfated proteoglycans (aggrecan)
• net negative charge (basophilic-hematoxylin)
• avascular and aneural
• chondrocytes are found in isogenous groups

Question 3

osteoarthritis

Answer 3

• progressive, wear and tear

- joint disease of unknown cause

Question 4

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

-autoimmune disease targeting cartilage

Question 5

elastic cartilage

• arrangement
• surrounding cell
• growth
• perichondrium?

Answer 5

• isogenous groups
• territorial matrix
• branching elastic fibers present surrounding cells and in inter territorial matrix
• perichondrium
• interstitial/appositional growth
• avascular

Question 6

fibrocartilage

• arrangement
• territorial matrix?
• composition
• other cell types
• growth

Answer 6

• isogenous groups
• territorial matrix not obvious
• wavy collagen fibers (type 1) thus eosinophilic
• NO perichondrium
• has fibroblasts
• interstitial/appositional growth

Question 7

woven bone

• where is it present
• arrangement

Answer 7

• immature bone

- disorderly arrangement of collagen

Question 8

lamellar bone
-compact: compostion, osteocyte arrangement, periosteum? endosteum?

-spongy: aka, composition, periosteum? endosteum?

Answer 8

compact:

• haversian systems
• concentric lamellae
• osteocytes interconnected by processes within canaliculi
• central haversian canals
• interstitial lamellae
• periosteum and endosteum

spongy:

• lamellae
• osteocytes interconnected by processes within canaliculi
• endosteum, no periosteum

Question 9

haversian system

• aka
• composition

Answer 9

• osteon

- vessels or nerve fibers surrounded by layers of interstitial lamellae

Question 10

canaliculi

Answer 10

-the groove that connects osteocytes and allows for gap junctions in between layers of the interstitial lamellae

Question 11

periosteum

Answer 11

membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones

-comprised of connective tissue, this is what the blood supply must come through

Question 12

endosteum

Answer 12

-lines the inner surface of all bones

Question 13

spongy bone

-aka

Answer 13

• trabecular or cancellous

- mature spongy bone has trabecula that are arranged with lamellae

Question 14

osteoclasts

• appearance
• staining
• howships lacunae

Answer 14

• MPS derivated
• multinucleated
• acidophilic (many mitochondria and enzymes)
• create a divet in the bone called a howships lacunae in the direction they are eating away at the bone

Question 15

osteoporosis

Answer 15

• bone degradation happening at a faster rate than bone formation
• estrogen reduction causes increased resorption

Question 16

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 16

• brittle bone disease
• results from a mutation in type 1 collagen, frequently affecting glycine
• defective and reduced production of collagen

Question 17

osteoid

Answer 17

• has a light pink stain

- unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone