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HIstology > Alimentary 1: Esophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Alimentary 1: Esophagus and Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

mucosa includes

A
  • epithelial lining
  • propria
  • muscularis mucosa
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2
Q

what is located in the submucosa

A
  • glands

- nerves

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3
Q

orientation of externa

A
  • 2 layers of smooth muscle at right angles
  • outer longitudinal
  • inner circular
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4
Q

mucosal lining of the esophagus

A
  • SSNKE
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosae
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5
Q

submucosa of the esophagus

A
  • loose CT

- esophogeal glands

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6
Q

muscularis externa of the esophagus

A

upper third=skeletal
middle third = mixed
lower third = smooth
-inner circular outer longitudinal

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7
Q

where is the adventitia of the esophagus located

A

-thorax

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8
Q

where is the serosa located

A

abdominal cavity

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9
Q

distinctive characteristic of the esophagus

A

-longitudinal muscularus mucosa

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10
Q

nerves from the submucosa plexus (meissners) go to

A

muscularus mucosa

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11
Q

secretions of the esophagus

A

bicarb

  • mucins
  • antimicrobials
  • pepsinogen
  • EGF
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12
Q

where does the esophagus enter the abdomen

A

-esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

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13
Q

what is the narrowest portion of the digestive tract

A

esophagus

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14
Q

serosa

A
  • this is on the visceral side of the hollow organ

- most of abdominal part

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15
Q

invaginations of the lamina propria

A

-these contain caps and nerve endings

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16
Q

what types of glands are found in the esophagus

A

serous and mucus

-mixed

17
Q

gastroesophageal junction

A

-goes from SSNKE to simple solumnar in the stomach

18
Q

barrett esophagus

A
  • metaplasia occurs when acids from the stomach gets into the esophagus
  • this is a protective function but in the end causes hard by the cell growth being uncontrolled
19
Q

exocrine secretions of the stomach

A
  • mucus
  • HCl
  • intrinsic factor
  • pepsinogens/pepsins
  • gastric lipase
  • lysozyme
20
Q

intrinsic factor

A

glycoprotein needed for absorption of vitamin B12

21
Q

endocrine secretions of the stomach

A

-hormones: gastrin, ghrelin, and somatostatin

22
Q

stomach mucosa

A
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • mucosal glands in the lamina propria surrounded by loose Ct
  • muscularus mucosae has inner circular and outer longitudinal
23
Q

submucosa of the stomach

A
  • dense CT

- no glands

24
Q

muscularis externa of the stomach

A

-inner oblique and outer longi

25
Q

lower esophogeal sphincter

A
  • inner circular muscle (clasp)

- oblique fibers at cardial notch this is a gastric sling

26
Q

arrangement of pits and glands in the stomach

A
  • cardial: short/short
  • fundus/body: Short/long
  • pyloric glands: long/short
27
Q

cells found in the pits/glands of the fundic region

A
  • pariteal cells in the middle
  • chief cells toward the bottom
  • enteroendocrine cells at the bottom
28
Q

parietal cells

A
  • secrete HCl
  • secrete intrinsic factor (for VB12 absorption)
  • active have white spaces where the cannuliculi have expanded
  • have many mitochondria surrounding inner surface of plasma mem to produce ATP to secrete HCl
29
Q

chief (zymogenic) cells

A

-secrete pepsinogen, lipase, chymosin

30
Q

smooth muscle of the fundic stomach

A

-projects between the pits in order the allow the tissue to be squeezed and glanduar contents released

31
Q

cells of the pyloric region

A
  • mostly mucous

- enteroendocrine

32
Q

H pylori

A

releases ammonia in order to neutralize its environment in the stomach

  • once colonized, creates an inflammatory response
  • surface components mimic those of the cell surface therefore Ab’s made against it will target stomach epithelial cells
33
Q

gastritis

  • acute
  • chronic
A
  • acute: mild, temproary, may be caused by agents that render the lining. epithelium sensitive to acid induced damage. could be due to alcohol or NSAIDs
  • chronic: progressive, irreversible decay (atrophy) of the stomach mucosa. May be autoimmune in nature or caused by bacterial infection usually h pylori. may lead to pernicious anemia
34
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A
  • manny found in the glands

- secrete somatostatin, ghrelin, enterochromaffin

35
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

-thickened inner circular muscle is what allows the lips of the sphincter to close

HIstology (19 decks)

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