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Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the female reproductive system produce?

A
  • oocytes
  • reproductive hormones
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2
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

uterine tube

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3
Q

where does the mammalian conceptus develop?

A

uterus

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4
Q

What is the primary hormone produced in the femla reproductive system?

A

estrogen

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5
Q

State the histological composition of the ovary.

A
  • cortex: simple cuboidal epithelium
  • tunica albuginea: dense connective tissue
  • germinal epithelium
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6
Q

What is the major difference between the hostological composition of the testis and ovaries?

A
  • tunica albuginea is always lined by germinal epithelium: simple cuboidal epithelium
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7
Q

State the structure of the ovary.

A

1) cortex:
- follicles

2) medulla:
- no follicles

exception: horses

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8
Q

What does the cortex contain? What is it surrounded by?

A
  • follicles
  • loose connective tissue
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9
Q

What is teh structure of the ovarian medulla?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • extensive vascular supply
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10
Q

What is the structure of an ovarian follicle?

A

Oocyte surrounded by
specialized epithelial cells.

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11
Q

What is the structure of the primordial ovarian follicle?

A
  • **primary oocyte **
  • surrounded by: simple squamous epithelium (of
    follicular cells)
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12
Q

What is the structure of the primary ovarian follicle?

A
  • primary oocyte
  • surrounded by: simple cuboidal epithelium (of
    follicular cell)
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13
Q

What is the structure of the secondary ovarian follicle?

A
  • **primary oocyte **
  • surrounded by stratfied epithelium of follicular cells, named granulosa cells.
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14
Q

What are secondary follicles marked by?

A
  • the development of glycoprotein layer,
  • the zona pellucida, (around the plasma membrane of the oocyte)
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15
Q

What is the zona pellucida secreted by?

A
  • granulosa cells
  • oocyte
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16
Q

What is the structure of the tertiary ovarian follicle? Other name?

A

Graafian follicle
- primary oocyte
- surrounded by stratified epithelium of granulosa cells
- surrounded by a multilaminar layer of specialized stromal
cells, termed the theca, and a fluid-filled cavity, the antrum.

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17
Q

What is the theca?

A

the multilaminar layer of specialized stromal cells surrounding granulosa cells in the tertiary fllicle.

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18
Q

What is the antrum? How is it formed? What does it contain?

A
  • fluid filled cavity
  • formed when the small, fluid-filled clefts among the granulosa cells of secondary follicles coalesce to form a single large cavity
  • contains liquor
    folliculi.
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19
Q

What occurs in large tertiary follicles (to the granulosa cells)? What is this layer named?

A
  • granulosa cells immediately surrounding the oocyte
    become columnar and radially disposed.
  • name: corona radiata.
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20
Q

What is the function of the corona radiata?

A

provides nutrients and support for the oocyte

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21
Q

What are late tertiary follicles called right before ovulation?

A

mature follicles

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22
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Process in which the fully developed follicle protrudes from the surface of the ovary.

23
Q

What happens to the oocyte during ovulation?

A

The oocyte, usually surrounded by the corona radiata, escapes into the peritoneal
cavity–> infundibulum (uterine tube)

24
Q

What happens to most follicles during their development?

A
  • regress
  • only a small percentage of all potential oocytes is ovulated from the ovary.
25
What is the 'process of regression' of oocytes called?
atresia
26
What happens to atretic follicles?
- **resorbed** - small *fibrous tissue scars* may remain after atresia of large follicles.
27
What happens to the follicle at ovulation? What about the liquor pressure?
- ruptures, - collapses, - shrinks - the liquor pressure is reduced.
28
What is the ruptured follicle referred to as? Why?
corpus hemorrhagicum: blood may fill the antrum
29
What happens to the stratum granulosum after ovulation?
- becomes **vascularized** by an extensive *capillary network* originating from blood vessels. - *granulosa cells* **enlarge**, **luteinize**, and contribute to the endocrinous cell populations of the corpus luteum.
30
What are the two different types of endocrinous cells? What is their function?
**Granulated luteocytes**: (develops from granulosa cells) * **Thecaluteocytes**:(develops from theca cells) * Both produce **progesterone** hormone.
31
How many types of endocrinous cells are there? Where are they located?
- 2 types - in the corpus luteum
32
Explain the regression of the corpus luteum.
- **regression** of *vascular connective tissues* - **cellular hypertrophy** and **sclerosis** of *muscle cells* in luteal artery walls - connective tissue scar = *corpus albicans.*
33
What is the name of the connective tissue scar remaining after the luteal regression of the corpus luteum?
corpus albicans
34
State the composition of the ovarian medulla.
- inner area of the ovary contains: - nerves - large coiled blood vessels - lymph vessels - loose connective tissue - strands of smooth muscle
35
What are the different names used for the uterine tube?
uterine tube = fallopian tube = oviduct
36
What are the three segments of the uterine tube?
**infundibulum**: large, funnel shaped portion **ampulla**: thin walled section, extends caudally from the infundibulum **isthmus**: narrow muscular segment, joining the uterus
37
State the structure of the uterine tube.
**epithelium**: - *simple /pseudostratified columnar* - Peg & Cilliated cells - **mucosa**: - continuous with the submucosa (bc absent thin lamina muscularis) **tunica muscularis**: - mostly *circular smooth muscle* bundles, - isolated *longitudinal* budles - isolated *oblique* budles **tunica serosa **
38
State the anatomical structure of the uterus.
- **bilateral** horns (connected to the uterine tubes) - **unpaired body** - neck=**cervix** (which joins the vagina).
39
What are the uterine wall layers?
**endometrium**: mucosa-submucosa **myometrium**: muscularis **perimetrium**: serosa
40
State the histological composition of the endometrium.
The surface epithelium of the uterus is simple columnar (in the mare, the bitch) or pseudostra1fied columnar and/or simple columnar (in sows and ruminants). * The deep part endometrium consists of loose connec1ve 1ssue that is less cellular than that of the superficial part. * Simple coiled, branched tubular glands are present throughout the endometrium in most species
41
State the position and composition of the functional zone of the endometrium.
- layer closest to the cavity - contains majority of glands - undergoes changes with the monthly cycle
42
State the position and composition of the basal zone of the endometrium.
- layer just under the myometrium - attaches functional layer to the myometrial tissue - has terminal ends of glands - remains constant
43
State the composition of the myometrium.
- thick inner circular layer of smooth muscle cells - thick outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells - between the two layers/within the inner layer: vascular layer: stratum vasculare
44
What happens to the myometrium during pregnancy?
- muscle cells increase in number and size
45
State the composition of the perimetrium.
- loose connective tissue - covered by peritoneal mesothelium - smooth muscle cells occur
46
State the histological composition of the uterine cervix.
epithelium: - simple columnar epithelium - many mucigenous cells (including goblet cells) propria-submucosa: - dense irregular connective tissue - becomes edematous —> loose areolar structure during estrus. tunica muscularis: - inner circular smooth muscle (+ elastic fibers) - outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer
47
What is important in reestablishing cervical structure after parturition?
- muscle fibers - elastic fibers (in the circular layer)
48
State the histological composition of the vagina.
mucosa: - stratified squamous epithelium ( increases in thickness during proestrus and estrus) propria-submucosa: - loose/dense irregular connective tissue - contains lymphatic nodules (caudal part of the vagina) tunica muscularis: - two or three layers. - cranially: tunica serosa (loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium), - caudally: tunica adventitia,(loose connective tissue)
49
What is the vestibule of the vagina similar to?
- caudal portion of the vagina
50
What is the difference in structure of the caudal part of the vagina and the vestibule?
- the vestibule has more subepithelial lymphatic nodules
51
What glands are present in the vestule of the vagina?
major vestibular glands: - bilateral - compound tubuloacinar mucous glands - deep part of the propria-submucosa. minor vestibular glands: - bilateral - small, branched, tubular mucous glands - scattered in the vestibular mucosa
52
How does the structure of the clitoris compare to that of the male penis?
- same structure, except the lack of the urethra
53
What is the vulva formed by? What does it contain (histologically)? What is it supplied by?
- formed by the labia vulvae, - covered by skin - richly supplied with apocrine and sebaceous glands. - well supplied with small blood and lymph vessels
54
What happens to the small blood and lymph vessels during estrus?
- become congested during estrus, especially in sows and bitches.

Histology (22 decks)

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