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Histology > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the female reproductive system produce?

A
  • oocytes
  • reproductive hormones
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2
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

uterine tube

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3
Q

where does the mammalian conceptus develop?

A

uterus

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4
Q

What is the primary hormone produced in the femla reproductive system?

A

estrogen

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5
Q

State the histological composition of the ovary.

A
  • cortex: simple cuboidal epithelium
  • tunica albuginea: dense connective tissue
  • germinal epithelium
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6
Q

What is the major difference between the hostological composition of the testis and ovaries?

A
  • tunica albuginea is always lined by germinal epithelium: simple cuboidal epithelium
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7
Q

State the structure of the ovary.

A

1) cortex:
- follicles

2) medulla:
- no follicles

exception: horses

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8
Q

What does the cortex contain? What is it surrounded by?

A
  • follicles
  • loose connective tissue
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9
Q

What is teh structure of the ovarian medulla?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • extensive vascular supply
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10
Q

What is the structure of an ovarian follicle?

A

Oocyte surrounded by
specialized epithelial cells.

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11
Q

What is the structure of the primordial ovarian follicle?

A
  • **primary oocyte **
  • surrounded by: simple squamous epithelium (of
    follicular cells)
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12
Q

What is the structure of the primary ovarian follicle?

A
  • primary oocyte
  • surrounded by: simple cuboidal epithelium (of
    follicular cell)
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13
Q

What is the structure of the secondary ovarian follicle?

A
  • **primary oocyte **
  • surrounded by stratfied epithelium of follicular cells, named granulosa cells.
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14
Q

What are secondary follicles marked by?

A
  • the development of glycoprotein layer,
  • the zona pellucida, (around the plasma membrane of the oocyte)
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15
Q

What is the zona pellucida secreted by?

A
  • granulosa cells
  • oocyte
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16
Q

What is the structure of the tertiary ovarian follicle? Other name?

A

Graafian follicle
- primary oocyte
- surrounded by stratified epithelium of granulosa cells
- surrounded by a multilaminar layer of specialized stromal
cells, termed the theca, and a fluid-filled cavity, the antrum.

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17
Q

What is the theca?

A

the multilaminar layer of specialized stromal cells surrounding granulosa cells in the tertiary fllicle.

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18
Q

What is the antrum? How is it formed? What does it contain?

A
  • fluid filled cavity
  • formed when the small, fluid-filled clefts among the granulosa cells of secondary follicles coalesce to form a single large cavity
  • contains liquor
    folliculi.
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19
Q

What occurs in large tertiary follicles (to the granulosa cells)? What is this layer named?

A
  • granulosa cells immediately surrounding the oocyte
    become columnar and radially disposed.
  • name: corona radiata.
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20
Q

What is the function of the corona radiata?

A

provides nutrients and support for the oocyte

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21
Q

What are late tertiary follicles called right before ovulation?

A

mature follicles

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22
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Process in which the fully developed follicle protrudes from the surface of the ovary.

23
Q

What happens to the oocyte during ovulation?

A

The oocyte, usually surrounded by the corona radiata, escapes into the peritoneal
cavity–> infundibulum (uterine tube)

24
Q

What happens to most follicles during their development?

A
  • regress
  • only a small percentage of all potential oocytes is ovulated from the ovary.
25
Q

What is the ‘process of regression’ of oocytes called?

A

atresia

26
Q

What happens to atretic follicles?

A
  • resorbed
  • small fibrous tissue scars may remain after atresia of large follicles.
27
Q

What happens to the follicle at ovulation? What about the liquor pressure?

A
  • ruptures,
  • collapses,
  • shrinks
  • the liquor pressure is reduced.
28
Q

What is the ruptured follicle referred to as? Why?

A

corpus hemorrhagicum: blood may fill the antrum

29
Q

What happens to the stratum granulosum after ovulation?

A
  • becomes vascularized by an extensive capillary network originating from blood vessels.
  • granulosa cells enlarge, luteinize, and contribute to the endocrinous cell
    populations of the corpus luteum.
30
Q

What are the two different types of endocrinous cells? What is their function?

A

Granulated luteocytes: (develops from granulosa cells)
* Thecaluteocytes:(develops from theca cells)

  • Both produce progesterone hormone.
31
Q

How many types of endocrinous cells are there? Where are they located?

A
  • 2 types
  • in the corpus luteum
32
Q

Explain the regression of the corpus luteum.

A
  • regression of vascular connective tissues
  • cellular hypertrophy and sclerosis of muscle cells in luteal artery walls
  • connective tissue scar = corpus
    albicans.
33
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue scar remaining after the luteal regression of the corpus luteum?

A

corpus albicans

34
Q

State the composition of the ovarian medulla.

A
  • inner area of the ovary
    contains:
  • nerves
  • large coiled blood vessels
  • lymph vessels
  • loose connective tissue
  • strands of smooth muscle
35
Q

What are the different names used for the uterine tube?

A

uterine tube = fallopian tube = oviduct

36
Q

What are the three segments of the uterine tube?

A

infundibulum: large, funnel shaped portion
ampulla: thin walled section, extends caudally from the infundibulum
isthmus: narrow muscular segment, joining the uterus

37
Q

State the structure of the uterine tube.

A

epithelium:
- simple /pseudostratified columnar
- Peg & Cilliated cells

  • mucosa:
  • continuous with the submucosa (bc absent thin lamina muscularis)

tunica muscularis:
- mostly circular smooth muscle bundles,
- isolated longitudinal budles
- isolated oblique budles

**tunica serosa **

38
Q

State the anatomical structure of the uterus.

A
  • bilateral horns (connected to the uterine tubes)
  • unpaired body
  • neck=cervix (which joins the vagina).
39
Q

What are the uterine wall layers?

A

endometrium: mucosa-submucosa
myometrium: muscularis
perimetrium: serosa

40
Q

State the histological composition of the endometrium.

A

The surface epithelium of the
uterus is simple columnar (in
the mare, the bitch) or
pseudostra1fied columnar
and/or simple columnar (in
sows and ruminants).
* The deep part endometrium
consists of loose connec1ve
1ssue that is less cellular than
that of the superficial part.
* Simple coiled, branched
tubular glands are present
throughout the endometrium
in most species

41
Q

State the position and composition of the functional zone of the endometrium.

A
  • layer closest to the cavity
  • contains majority of glands
  • undergoes changes with the monthly cycle
42
Q

State the position and composition of the basal zone of the endometrium.

A
  • layer just under the myometrium
  • attaches functional layer to the myometrial tissue
  • has terminal ends of glands
  • remains constant
43
Q

State the composition of the myometrium.

A
  • thick inner circular layer of smooth muscle cells
  • thick outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
  • between the two layers/within the inner layer: vascular layer: stratum vasculare
44
Q

What happens to the myometrium during pregnancy?

A
  • muscle cells increase in number and size
45
Q

State the composition of the perimetrium.

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • covered by peritoneal mesothelium
  • smooth muscle cells occur
46
Q

State the histological composition of the uterine cervix.

A

epithelium:
- simple columnar epithelium
- many mucigenous cells (including goblet cells)
propria-submucosa:
- dense irregular connective tissue
- becomes edematous —> loose areolar structure during estrus.
tunica muscularis:
- inner circular smooth muscle (+ elastic fibers)
- outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer

47
Q

What is important in reestablishing cervical structure after parturition?

A
  • muscle fibers
  • elastic fibers (in the circular layer)
48
Q

State the histological composition of the vagina.

A

mucosa:
- stratified squamous epithelium ( increases in thickness during proestrus and estrus)
propria-submucosa:
- loose/dense irregular connective tissue
- contains lymphatic nodules (caudal part of the vagina)
tunica muscularis:
- two or three layers.
- cranially: tunica serosa (loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium),
- caudally: tunica adventitia,(loose connective tissue)

49
Q

What is the vestibule of the vagina similar to?

A
  • caudal portion of the vagina
50
Q

What is the difference in structure of the caudal part of the vagina and the vestibule?

A
  • the vestibule has more subepithelial lymphatic nodules
51
Q

What glands are present in the vestule of the vagina?

A

major vestibular glands:
- bilateral
- compound tubuloacinar mucous glands
- deep part of the propria-submucosa.

minor vestibular glands:
- bilateral
- small, branched, tubular mucous glands
- scattered in the vestibular mucosa

52
Q

How does the structure of the clitoris compare to that of the male penis?

A
  • same structure, except the lack of the urethra
53
Q

What is the vulva formed by? What does it contain (histologically)? What is it supplied by?

A
  • formed by the labia vulvae,
  • covered by skin
  • richly supplied with apocrine and sebaceous glands.
  • well supplied with small blood and lymph vessels
54
Q

What happens to the small blood and lymph vessels during estrus?

A
  • become congested during estrus, especially in sows and bitches.

Histology (20 decks)

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