Female Reproduction, Breast, Ova, Tumescence, Climax and Fertilization Flashcards
What layer of cells surround the primordial follicle?
One layer of squamous epithelial cells
What occurs to the single layer of squamous cells once the primordial follicle is stimulated to become the primary follicle?
They become cuboidal granulosa cells
What denotes a secondary follicle?
When several pockets of antral fluid begin to develop
What denotes a tertiary follicle?
When the several pockets of antral fluid coalesce into a single chamber of fluid
What stimulates a tertiary follicle to become a preovulatory mature stage (Graafian)
LH
What occurs once the Graafian follicle erupts in ovulation?
The follicle becomes a corpus luteum and later a corpus albicans
What stage is the ovum arrested in?
Prophase I (of meiosis I)
What keeps the ovum in meiosis I?
OMI ovum maturation inhibiting factor
What does side chain cleavage enzyme cut?
The bond between cholesterol’s C-20 and C-22 leaving a 21 carbon progesterone compound
Five classes of steroids?
Progesterones (progestins) Androgens Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Estrogens
What enzyme cleaves C-20 and C-21 to make 19-C androgens?
3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
What enzyme cuts off C-19 to make 18-C estrogens?
Aromatase
Follicular phase major product of follicle?
Estradiol
Luteal phase major products of corpus luteum?
Progestins
What can’t theca cells produce?
Estradiol due to lack of aromatase
What can’t granulosa cells produce?
Androstenedione due to lack of 17a-hydroxyprogesterone
Steps of testosterone formation in theca cells?
Cholesterol Pregnenolone Progesterone 17a-OH progesterone Androstenedione Testosterone
Steps estradiol formation in granulosa cells?
Cholesterol Pregnenolone Progesterone Androstenedione Testosterone and Estrone Estradiol
What stimulates aromatase activity in the granulosa cells?
FSH
Two cell theory summary:
The preovulatory follicle produces estradiol through a paracrine interaction between theca and granulosa cells. The theca cells provide the substrate, androstenedione, to the granulosa cell for estradiol production. The granulosa cells express the enzymes necessary for transformation of androstenedione to estradiol
What does the glandular tissue of the breast consist of?
Branching ducts and terminal secretory lobules that converge into larger lactiferous ducts at the opening of the nipple
What structure in the uterus is used for implantation of the egg?
Pinopodes
What cell type is the vagina?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Outer layer of the ovum?
Zona pellucida
What cells surround the zona pellucida?
Corona radiata
What is the perivitelline space?
Space between the zona pellucida and the oocyte cell membrane
What causes a vagina to secrete mucus?
PSNS impulses to vaginal epithelium and bulbourethral glands to secrete mucus
