Female Reproduction, Breast, Ova, Tumescence, Climax and Fertilization

Question 1

What layer of cells surround the primordial follicle?

Answer 1

One layer of squamous epithelial cells

Question 2

What occurs to the single layer of squamous cells once the primordial follicle is stimulated to become the primary follicle?

Answer 2

They become cuboidal granulosa cells

Question 3

What denotes a secondary follicle?

Answer 3

When several pockets of antral fluid begin to develop

Question 4

What denotes a tertiary follicle?

Answer 4

When the several pockets of antral fluid coalesce into a single chamber of fluid

Question 5

What stimulates a tertiary follicle to become a preovulatory mature stage (Graafian)

Answer 5

LH

Question 6

What occurs once the Graafian follicle erupts in ovulation?

Answer 6

The follicle becomes a corpus luteum and later a corpus albicans

Question 7

What stage is the ovum arrested in?

Answer 7

Prophase I (of meiosis I)

Question 8

What keeps the ovum in meiosis I?

Answer 8

OMI ovum maturation inhibiting factor

Question 9

What does side chain cleavage enzyme cut?

Answer 9

The bond between cholesterol’s C-20 and C-22 leaving a 21 carbon progesterone compound

Question 10

Five classes of steroids?

Answer 10

Progesterones (progestins)
Androgens
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Estrogens

Question 11

What enzyme cleaves C-20 and C-21 to make 19-C androgens?

Answer 11

3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Question 12

What enzyme cuts off C-19 to make 18-C estrogens?

Answer 12

Aromatase

Question 13

Follicular phase major product of follicle?

Answer 13

Estradiol

Question 14

Luteal phase major products of corpus luteum?

Answer 14

Progestins

Question 15

What can’t theca cells produce?

Answer 15

Estradiol due to lack of aromatase

Question 16

What can’t granulosa cells produce?

Answer 16

Androstenedione due to lack of 17a-hydroxyprogesterone

Question 17

Steps of testosterone formation in theca cells?

Answer 17

Cholesterol
Pregnenolone
Progesterone
17a-OH progesterone
Androstenedione
Testosterone

Question 18

Steps estradiol formation in granulosa cells?

Answer 18

Cholesterol
Pregnenolone
Progesterone
Androstenedione
Testosterone and Estrone
Estradiol

Question 19

What stimulates aromatase activity in the granulosa cells?

Answer 19

FSH

Question 20

Two cell theory summary:

Answer 20

The preovulatory follicle produces estradiol through a paracrine interaction between theca and granulosa cells. The theca cells provide the substrate, androstenedione, to the granulosa cell for estradiol production. The granulosa cells express the enzymes necessary for transformation of androstenedione to estradiol

Question 21

What does the glandular tissue of the breast consist of?

Answer 21

Branching ducts and terminal secretory lobules that converge into larger lactiferous ducts at the opening of the nipple

Question 22

What structure in the uterus is used for implantation of the egg?

Answer 22

Pinopodes

Question 23

What cell type is the vagina?

Answer 23

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 24

Outer layer of the ovum?

Answer 24

Zona pellucida

Question 25

What cells surround the zona pellucida?

Answer 25

Corona radiata

Question 26

What is the perivitelline space?

Answer 26

Space between the zona pellucida and the oocyte cell membrane

Question 27

What causes a vagina to secrete mucus?

Answer 27

PSNS impulses to vaginal epithelium and bulbourethral glands to secrete mucus