Anatomy Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?
Anterior: pubic crest (pubic symphysis)
Posterior: ala or base of sacrum and sacrovertebral angle or sacral promontory
Laterally: Iliopectineal line
What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?
Anterior: pubic arch (under side of pubic crest)
Posterior: tip of coccyx
Laterally: ischial tuberosities
Posteriolaterally: inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament
Three spaces of the pelvis:
- ) Greater/false pelvis
- ) Lesser/true pelvis
- ) Pelvic floor diaphragm
What does the pelvic diaphragm consist of?
Two layers of fascia with levator ani and coccygeus in between the layers
Three parts of levator ani from medial to lateral:
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Coccygeus/Iliococcygeus
What is the anococcygeal raphe/body?
The meeting of the two pubococcygeus muscles
What forms the vesicouterine pouch?
Parietal peritoneum from the posterior roof of the bladder reflecting back onto the anterior aspect of the uterus at the isthmus of the uterus
What forms Douglas pouch (rectouterine pouch)?
Peritoneum passing over the fundus of uterus and descending the entire aspect o the uterus onto the posterior vaginal wall before reflecting superiorly onto the anterior wall of the inferior rectum
What is the pararectal fossae?
Deep pouches on each side of the rectum
What is the broad ligament of the uterus?
Double peritoneal fold that extends between the uterus and lateral pelvic wall on each side
In males what is the rectovesical pouch?
Peritoneum reflects superiorly of the bladder and onto the anterior surface of the inferior rectum
What is the hypogastric sheath?
Between retropubic space and presacral space (around rectum)
From lateral to medial what are the three portions of the hypogastric sheath?
- ) Lateral ligament of bladder
- ) Cardinal ligament in female; rectovesical septum in males
- ) Lateral rectal ligament
What is the ischioanal fossae?
Two wedge-shaped spaces filled with fat and connective tissue on either side of the anus
Ischioanal fossae boundaries:
Anterior: Bodies of pubic bones
Posterior: Sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus
Medial: External anal sphincter
Lateral: Ischium and overlapping inferior part of obturator fascia
What is the anterior recesses of the ischioanal fossae?
Anterior parts of the fossae that extend into the urogenital triangle superior to the perineal membrane
What is the pectinate line?
Space where the hindgut endoderm meets with the ectoderm
What does the pectinate line divide?
Upper 2/3 of anal canal from lower 1/3 of the anal canal
What innervates the upper 2/3 of pectinate line?
Inferior hypogastric plexus (visceral innervation)
What innervates the lower 1/3 of pectinate line?
Inferior rectal nerve (somatic innervation)
What does the inferior rectal nerve branch from?
Pudendal nerve
What is the blood supply to upper 2/3 of pectinate line?
Superior rectal artery branch from IMA
What is the blood supply to lower 1/3 of pectinate line?
Inferior rectal artery branch from internal pudendal artery
What are anal columns and what do they denote?
Longitudinal ridges in the anal canal; the superior ends of the anal columns is the anorectal junction
