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Endo/Repro Exam 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

A

Anterior: pubic crest (pubic symphysis)
Posterior: ala or base of sacrum and sacrovertebral angle or sacral promontory
Laterally: Iliopectineal line

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

A

Anterior: pubic arch (under side of pubic crest)
Posterior: tip of coccyx
Laterally: ischial tuberosities
Posteriolaterally: inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament

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3
Q

Three spaces of the pelvis:

A
  1. ) Greater/false pelvis
  2. ) Lesser/true pelvis
  3. ) Pelvic floor diaphragm
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4
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm consist of?

A

Two layers of fascia with levator ani and coccygeus in between the layers

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5
Q

Three parts of levator ani from medial to lateral:

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Coccygeus/Iliococcygeus

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6
Q

What is the anococcygeal raphe/body?

A

The meeting of the two pubococcygeus muscles

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7
Q

What forms the vesicouterine pouch?

A

Parietal peritoneum from the posterior roof of the bladder reflecting back onto the anterior aspect of the uterus at the isthmus of the uterus

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8
Q

What forms Douglas pouch (rectouterine pouch)?

A

Peritoneum passing over the fundus of uterus and descending the entire aspect o the uterus onto the posterior vaginal wall before reflecting superiorly onto the anterior wall of the inferior rectum

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9
Q

What is the pararectal fossae?

A

Deep pouches on each side of the rectum

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10
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Double peritoneal fold that extends between the uterus and lateral pelvic wall on each side

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11
Q

In males what is the rectovesical pouch?

A

Peritoneum reflects superiorly of the bladder and onto the anterior surface of the inferior rectum

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12
Q

What is the hypogastric sheath?

A

Between retropubic space and presacral space (around rectum)

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13
Q

From lateral to medial what are the three portions of the hypogastric sheath?

A
  1. ) Lateral ligament of bladder
  2. ) Cardinal ligament in female; rectovesical septum in males
  3. ) Lateral rectal ligament
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14
Q

What is the ischioanal fossae?

A

Two wedge-shaped spaces filled with fat and connective tissue on either side of the anus

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15
Q

Ischioanal fossae boundaries:

A

Anterior: Bodies of pubic bones
Posterior: Sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus
Medial: External anal sphincter
Lateral: Ischium and overlapping inferior part of obturator fascia

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16
Q

What is the anterior recesses of the ischioanal fossae?

A

Anterior parts of the fossae that extend into the urogenital triangle superior to the perineal membrane

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17
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

Space where the hindgut endoderm meets with the ectoderm

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18
Q

What does the pectinate line divide?

A

Upper 2/3 of anal canal from lower 1/3 of the anal canal

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19
Q

What innervates the upper 2/3 of pectinate line?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus (visceral innervation)

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20
Q

What innervates the lower 1/3 of pectinate line?

A

Inferior rectal nerve (somatic innervation)

21
Q

What does the inferior rectal nerve branch from?

A

Pudendal nerve

22
Q

What is the blood supply to upper 2/3 of pectinate line?

A

Superior rectal artery branch from IMA

23
Q

What is the blood supply to lower 1/3 of pectinate line?

A

Inferior rectal artery branch from internal pudendal artery

24
Q

What are anal columns and what do they denote?

A

Longitudinal ridges in the anal canal; the superior ends of the anal columns is the anorectal junction

25
Q

What joins the inferior portion of the anal columns?

A

Anal valves

26
Q

What are found just superior to anal valves in between anal columns?

A

Anal sinuses

27
Q

What is the posterior margin of the perineal membrane and perineal body?

A

Superficial (Colles’) perineal fascia

28
Q

In males what does Colles’ perineal fascia continue with?

A

Superficial (dartos) fascia

29
Q

What does Colles’ fascia continue with superiorly?

A

Scarpa’s fascia of the abdomen

30
Q

What does the deep perineal fascia invest in?

A

Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscles

31
Q

Borders of the superficial pouch in males?

A

Superior: perineal membrane
Inferior: Superficial (Colles’) perineal fascia

32
Q

Muscles of the superficial pouch?

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus

33
Q

Three cylindrical cavernous bodies of erectile tissue?

A

Paired corpora cavernosa (dorsally)

Single corpus spongiosum (ventrally)

34
Q

What is the deep fascia of the penis (Buck’s fascia)?

A

Continuation of deep perineal fascia that forms a strong membranous covering for the three erectile tissue

35
Q

What forms the crura of the penis?

A

Posteriorly where the corpora cavernosa are separate

36
Q

What forms the glans penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum expanding at the tip containing the urethral orifice

37
Q

Boundaries of the deep pouch in males?

A

Inferior: Perineal membrane
Superior: pelvic diaphragm

38
Q

Main arterial supply to the penis?

A

Internal pudendal arteries (branches)

39
Q

Where do the dorsal arteries of the penis run?

A

On each side of the deep dorsal vein in the dorsal groove between corpora cavernosa

40
Q

Where do the deep arteries of the penis run?

A

They pierce the crura proximally and run distally in the center of the corpora cavernosa

41
Q

Where is the deep dorsal vein of the penis?

A

In the deep fascia (Buck’s) directly on top of the corpora spongiosum

42
Q

Where are the superficial dorsal veins?

A

On top of the deep fascia (Buck’s); drains skin and subcutaneous tissue

43
Q

Muscles of the deep pouch?

A

External urethral sphincter

Deep transverse perineal muscle

44
Q

What is contained in female perineal pouch?

A

Vestibular bulbs
Crura of clitoris
Greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

45
Q

What are the vestibular bulbs?

A

Paired elongated erectile tissue along the sides of the vaginal orifice

46
Q

What is the vestibule of the vagina?

A

Space surrounded by labia minora

47
Q

What does the female deep pouch contain?

A

External urethral sphincter

Urethra

48
Q

Female bounds of deep perineal pouch?

A

Inferior: perineal membrane
Superior: pelvic diaphragm

Endo/Repro Exam 1 (17 decks)

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