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Endo/Repro Exam 1 > Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A group of neuronal cell bodies grouped together in a tight area

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2
Q

What is the outer most layer of the brain called?

A

The cortex

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3
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Just inferior to the thalamus

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4
Q

How is the thalamus separated?

A

Into right and left thalamus

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5
Q

What is found between the two thalami?

A

The third ventricle

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6
Q

What separates the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

The hypothalamic sulcus

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7
Q

What is the area between the mammillary body and the infundibulum?

A

The median eminence

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8
Q

What are the three hypothalamic regions from medial to lateral?

A

Periventricular region
Medial region
Lateral region

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9
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

In a depression called the sella turcica

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10
Q

What bone is the sella turcica found in?

A

The sphenoid bone

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11
Q

What makes the hypothalamus a part of the endocrine system?

A

Its relationship with the pituitary gland

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12
Q

Two parts of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior/adenohypophysis

Posterior/neurohypophysis

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13
Q

What is the embryology of the posterior pituitary?

A

Downgrowth from the hypothalamus (neuroectoderm)

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14
Q

What is the embryology of the anterior pituitary?

A

Invagination from oral ectoderm

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15
Q

What are portal veins?

A

Veins between two capillary beds

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16
Q

What are autocrine hormones?

A

Cells release substances that act upon its own receptors

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17
Q

What are paracrine hormones?

A

Cells release substances that act upon neighboring cells receptors

18
Q

What are endocrine hormones?

A

Cells release substances into the bloodstream to act upon cells at a distant site

19
Q

What are synaptic hormones?

A

Precise release of substances onto a single cell at a synapse

20
Q

How is the hypothalamus connected to the neurohypophysis?

A

Via neural pathways

21
Q

How is the hypothalamus connected to the adenohypophysis?

A

Via blood vessels known as hypophyseal portal vessels

22
Q

What two nuclei found in the median eminence?

A 
Supraoptic nucleus (SON)
Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
23
Q

What are the two parts of the neurohypophysis?

A

Pars nervosa

Infundibulum

24
Q

What are the three parts of the adenohypophysis?

A 
Pars distalis
Pars tuberalis (wraps around infundibulum)
Pars intermedia (between pars nervosa of Post pituitary and pars distalis)
25
Q

Where is the median eminence found?

A

Ventral portion of hypothalamus between mammillary bodies and infundibulum

26
Q

What artery supplies the posterior pituitary?

A

Inferior hypophyseal artery

27
Q

What vein drains the posterior pituitary?

A

Hypophyseal veins

28
Q

What artery supplies the anterior pituitary?

A

Superior hypophyseal artery

29
Q

What vein drains the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypophyseal veins

30
Q

How does the median eminence get its hormones to the anterior pituitary?

A

Nuclei there send hormones into superior hypophyseal artery-> portal veins-> adenohypophysis (action)

31
Q

Where do the SON and PVN send there axons?

A

To the posterior pituitary gland

32
Q

Other than the SON and PVN what is found in the median eminence?

A

Many other nuclei that send hormones via bloodstream to the adenohypophysis

33
Q

What does the anterior pituitary do in temperature regulation?

A

Detects increases in blood temp

Activates cutaneous vasodilation and sweating to lower temp

34
Q

What does a lesion in anterior pituitary result in?

A

Hyperthermia

35
Q

What does the posterior pituitary do in temperature regulation?

A

Detects decreases in blood temperature

Activates cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering to raise temperature

36
Q

What does a lesion in the posterior pituitary cause?

A

Hypothermia

37
Q

What is the lateral hypothalamus nuclei control?

A

Feeding center so it tells you when you’re hungry

38
Q

What does the ventromedial hypothalamus nuclei control?

A

Satiety center so it tells you when you’re full

39
Q

What does the lateral hypothalamus express to set satiety point/tells of hunger?

A

Orexins

40
Q

What does a lesion in the lateral hypothalamus nuclei cause?

A

Anorexia

41
Q

What does a lesion in the ventromedial hypothalamus nuclei?

A

Overeating

Rage

Endo/Repro Exam 1 (17 decks)

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