Female Repro System

Question 1

What is the most common epithelial ovarian tumour?

Answer 1

1 = epithelial tumours

#2 = sex cord stromal tumors (ex. granlosa-theca cell tumours)

Question 2

What’s the metastatic rate of ovarian adenocarcinoma?

Answer 2

48%, to peritoneal cavity, intraabodminal LNs, omentum, and liver

Question 3

What is a sensitive and specific marker for granulosa-theca cell tumour?

Answer 3

INH-alpha
it’s a glycopeptide made in the gonadal cells of the ovaries, inhibits pituitary secretion of FSH

Question 4

What is the metastatic rate of granulosa-theca cell tumours?

Answer 4

20%
sublumbar LNs, pancreas, lungs and peritoneal carcinomatosis

Question 5

What’s the most common germ cell tumour?

Answer 5

ovarian seminomas

Question 6

What’s the metastatic rate of ovarian seminoa?

Answer 6

10-30%
LNs, liver, kidneys, omentum, pancreas, and adrenal glands

Question 7

What’s the metastatic rate of malignant teratoma?

Answer 7

up to 50%

Question 8

What is the common metastatic site for malignant teratoma?

Answer 8

peritoneal metastasis with carcinomatosis

Question 9

What’s the most common ovarian tumour in the cat?

Answer 9

sex cord stromal tumours (more than 50% of all ovarian tumours)
granulosa-theca cell tumour = most common, 50% are malignant

Question 10

What’s the least common ovarian tumour in the cat?

Answer 10

Epithelial

Question 11

What’s the most common clinical signs for canine ovarian tumours?

Answer 11

• space occupying mass
• if functional:
• estrogen = vulvar enlargement, sanguineous vulvar, discharge, persistent estrus, alopecia, and aplastic pancytopenia
• progesterone = cystic endometrial
  hyperplasia and pyometra

Question 12

What’s the most common clinical signs for feline ovarian tumours?

Answer 12

signs of space occupying abdominal mass: weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, ascites, and abdominal distension
are often noted. GTCTs are most common, and they are generally

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of hyperestrogen?

Answer 13

• persistent estrus
• alopecia
• endometrial hyperplasia

Question 14

Hypercalcemia of malignancy has been reported in which ovarian tumour?

Answer 14

canine ovarian adenocarcinoma

Question 15

How do malignant vs benign ovarian tumours look on u/s?

Answer 15

Malignant tumours tend to be more solids, and benign tumours are generally cystic with smooth borders

Question 16

How safe is transdermal needle biopsy in ovarian tumours?

Answer 16

Tumour seeding is high - not advised

Question 17

What’s the treatment choice for localized ovarian tumours?

Answer 17

OHE

Question 18

What’ s the likelihood of concurrent uterine abnormalities with ovarian tumours?

Answer 18

up to 50% of dogs

Question 19

What’s the most common uterine tumour in the dog?

Answer 19

leiomyoma

recall BHD German Shepherd dogs

Question 20

What’s the most common uterine tumour in the cat?

Answer 20

adenocarcinoma

Question 21

What are some common clinical signs of uterine tumours?

Answer 21

• abdominal distension
• signs of abdominal space occupying mass

Question 22

What’s the prognosis of uterine tumours?

Answer 22

Dog - good, as most are benign (OHE = tx of choice)
Cat - not as good as adenocarcinoma can metastasize

Question 23

What’s the most common vaginal/ vulvar tumour in the cat?

Answer 23

leiomyoma

Question 24

Do intact or spayed dog more commonly have malignant vaginal/ vulvar tumours?

Answer 24

spayed

Question 25

What's the most common vaginal tumours?

Answer 25

benign smooth muscle tumours, polyps, etc (83%)

Question 26

What's the most common malignant vaginal tumour?

Answer 26

leiomyosarcoma

Question 27

What's the influence of hormones on vaginal leiomyoma in dogs?

Answer 27

recurrence rate was 0% when concurrent OHE performed with tumour removal, compared to 15% recurrence without concurrent OHE

Question 28

Hypercalcemia of malignancy has been reported with which vagina/ vulvar tumour?

Answer 28

canine clitoral carcinoma - behaves similar to AGASACA - locoregional nodal metastasis = common

Question 29

What's the treatment for vulvar/ vaginal tumours?

Answer 29

Surgery with concurrent OHE. Wide resection margin not necessary if benign - can resect at the pedicle of intraluminal masses

Question 30

What's the prognosis of vagainl/ vulvar tumours?

Answer 30

benign tumours - surgical excision with OHE = curative malignant tumours - guarded, due to high rate of local recurrence and metastasis

Question 31

What's the long term outcome of dogs with malignant ovarian tumours and malignant abdominal effusion?

Answer 31

Tx = OHE and IV carboplatin OST = 822-1840 for granulosa-theca cell, vs 617-841 for ovarian adenocarcinoma