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HFF - Exam II > Female Physiology (Smith) - week 5 > Flashcards

Female Physiology (Smith) - week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What type feedback is the most common homeostatic control mechanism?

A

Negative feedback loop

-occurs primarily at the hypothalmic level

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2
Q

Give an example of a positive feedback loop

A

Oxytocin during child birth

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3
Q

What does HPO refer to

A

Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian Loop

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4
Q

Where is Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) released from?

A

Released from Hypothalamus

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5
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A
  • FSH

- LH

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6
Q

Name the 3 ovarian hormones

A
  • Estrogens
  • Progesterone
  • Inhibins

All 3 are target hormones

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7
Q

What does estradiol (E2) feedback do?

A

Inhibits both the anterior pituitary & hypothalamus

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8
Q

What inhibits FSH secretion?

A

Inhibin B (also released by granulosa cells)

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9
Q

How are granulosa cells stimulated and what do they produce?

A

Thecal cells (found in ovary) release androgens which stimulate GRANULOSA cells

Function - produce estrogen

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10
Q

What do LH & FSH stimualte?

A

LH - Thecal AND Granulosa cells

FSH -Only granulosa

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11
Q

Which type of natural estrogen is predominant during reproductive years?

A

Estradiol (E2)

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12
Q

Name the 3 natural estrogens and say when they are predominant

A
  • Estrone (E1) - Post menopause
  • Estradiol (E2) - Reproductive years (NOT) while pregnant
  • Estriol (E3) - While pregnant
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13
Q

Which one of these is NOT a physiological function of estrogen?

a. reduce rate of bone re-adsoprption
b. stimulate endometrial proliferation
c. enhance blood coaguability
d. decrease CNS excitability
e. Increases HDL & Triglycerides

A

d. decrease CNS excitability

It INCREASES

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14
Q

Name the 2 phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Follicular phase
(menses & proliferative phase)

Luteal phase
(secretory phase)

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15
Q

Exaplain the hormonal changes during the menstural cycle

A
  1. Menses- estrogen is low = GnRH release –> stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH & LH
  2. FSH & LH stimulate growth of ovarian follicles
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16
Q

When are LH levels the highest?

A

Middle of menstrual cycle in between follicular phase & luteal phase

17
Q

When are Estrogen levels highest? Progesterone?

A

Middle of ovulation

middle of secretory phase

18
Q

What causes the LH surge?

A

Peak E2 levels cause a change from negative to positive feedback

so E2 causes a release of MORE GnRH which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release a surge of LH it had stored up

19
Q

What does this LH surge cause?

A

Triggers follicle to rupture (ovulation)

20
Q

Why isnt there a second ovulation event?

A

Because progesterone inhibits pituitary release of LH & FSH

21
Q

What happens if egg is not fertilized?

A

Degeneration of corpus luteum to Corpus albicans and shedding of uterus

22
Q

All of these are effects of progesterone EXCEPT

  • increase fat deposition
  • decrease CNS excitability
  • decreases body temp
  • decreases PCO2 during pregnancy
A

-decreases body temp

INCREASES body temp

23
Q

What must happen to a girl before puberty can occur?

A

They must reach a critical body weight

24
Q

Why would hCG be released into the body?

A

Upon implantation, trophoblas cells release hCG

hCG- prompts corpus luteum to continue to express estrogens and progesterone

This prevents further menstration

25
Q

What does the placenta do at about the 3rd month of pregnancy?

A

Takes over producing high levels of estrogen and progesterone

26
Q

What is the function of Prolactin and where is it secreted?

A

Stimulates milk production

released by Anterior pituitary

27
Q

What stimulates milk ejection?

A

Oxytocin

28
Q

What is colostrum?

A

The first fluid released birth

29
Q

What is the role of oxytocin in child birth?

A

Causes contractions during child birth

HFF - Exam II (11 decks)

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