Fatty Acid Metabolism - German

Question 1

What are the sources of lipids

Answer 1

1. Diet
2. Adipose tissue
3. Synthesis in tissue

Question 2

4 fates of lipids

Answer 2

1. energy substrates
2. precursos
3. structural elements
4. signaling molecules

Question 3

What is a chylomicron

Answer 3

The way lipids are transported

Question 4

What is a apolipoprotein

Answer 4

proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins. They transport the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems

Question 5

What are the2 ways fatty acids are transported?

Answer 5

1. Free fatty acids (carried by serum albumin)

2. Lipoproteins

Question 6

What is the definition of a Lipoprotein AND name the four classes of them

Answer 6

Definition: Phospholip, cholesterol and protein membrane bound vesicles containing triglycerides.

1. Chylomicrons
2. VLDL
3. LDL
4. HDL

Question 7

What do lipoproteins transport?

Answer 7

triglycerides and cholesterol

Question 8

How are fatty acids delivered to target tissues?

Answer 8

By VLDL

Question 9

What do LDL & HDL transport?

Answer 9

Cholesterol

Question 10

What activates lipases?

Answer 10

Apolipoproteins

Question 11

What does lipoprotein lipase do to a triacylglycerol?

Answer 11

Separates it into glycerol & fatty acid

Question 12

What converts triacylglycerol to diacylglycerol

Answer 12

ATGL or Adipose triglyceride lipase

Question 13

What converts a diacylglycerol to a monoacyglycerol (Fatty acid)

Answer 13

Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

Question 14

What is the process of lipid oxidation?

Answer 14

Triglycerides are broken up by Lipases.

• Glycerol enters glycolysis
• Fatty acids are turned into Fatty acyl-CoA’s
• Fatty acyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria for oxidation
• Carnitine transporter transports fatty acyl-CoA into matrix of mitochondria

Question 15

What is the beta oxidation pathway?

Answer 15

the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle

Question 16

How and when are ketone bodies formed?

Answer 16

Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle and forms ketone bodies.

3 ketone bodies are:

1. Acetoacetate
2. Acetone
3. D-(Beta)-Hydroxybuturate

ketones are a fuel source in times of fasting

Question 17

What is the citrate shuttle and why is it necessary

Answer 17

Transports citrate from mitochondria into the cytoplasm of the cell to allow for fatty acid synthesis

Question 18

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur? Fatty acid oxidation?

Answer 18

Synthesis: Cell cytoplasm
Oxidation: Mitochondrial matrix

Question 19

what forms malonyl Co-A

Answer 19

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase forms acetyl CoA into malonyl CoA

Question 20

What is another name for Vitamin B7

Answer 20

Biotin - acquired from diet

Question 21

What is necessary fro fatty acid synthesase?

Answer 21

Malonyl CoA

Question 22

What are the two types of lipid synthesis?

Answer 22

FAS I (animals)
FAS II (plants & bacteria

Question 23

How many carbons are produced in FAS I fatty acid chain?

Answer 23

16 carbons (palmitate)

Question 24

What regulates the balance of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation?

Answer 24

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)

Question 25

What 2 compounds form phosphatidic acid?

Answer 25

Glucose & Glycerol

Question 26

Why is phsohatidic acid important?

Answer 26

When a fatty acid is added to it, it froms phospholipids & triglycerides

Question 27

Cholesterol is formed from….?

Answer 27

Acetyl - CoA