Fatty Acid Metabolism - German Flashcards
What are the sources of lipids
- Diet
- Adipose tissue
- Synthesis in tissue
4 fates of lipids
- energy substrates
- precursos
- structural elements
- signaling molecules
What is a chylomicron
The way lipids are transported
What is a apolipoprotein
proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins. They transport the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems
What are the2 ways fatty acids are transported?
- Free fatty acids (carried by serum albumin)
2. Lipoproteins
What is the definition of a Lipoprotein AND name the four classes of them
Definition: Phospholip, cholesterol and protein membrane bound vesicles containing triglycerides.
- Chylomicrons
- VLDL
- LDL
- HDL
What do lipoproteins transport?
triglycerides and cholesterol
How are fatty acids delivered to target tissues?
By VLDL
What do LDL & HDL transport?
Cholesterol
What activates lipases?
Apolipoproteins
What does lipoprotein lipase do to a triacylglycerol?
Separates it into glycerol & fatty acid
What converts triacylglycerol to diacylglycerol
ATGL or Adipose triglyceride lipase
What converts a diacylglycerol to a monoacyglycerol (Fatty acid)
Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
What is the process of lipid oxidation?
Triglycerides are broken up by Lipases.
- Glycerol enters glycolysis
- Fatty acids are turned into Fatty acyl-CoA’s
- Fatty acyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria for oxidation
- Carnitine transporter transports fatty acyl-CoA into matrix of mitochondria
What is the beta oxidation pathway?
the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle
How and when are ketone bodies formed?
Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle and forms ketone bodies.
3 ketone bodies are:
- Acetoacetate
- Acetone
- D-(Beta)-Hydroxybuturate
ketones are a fuel source in times of fasting
What is the citrate shuttle and why is it necessary
Transports citrate from mitochondria into the cytoplasm of the cell to allow for fatty acid synthesis
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur? Fatty acid oxidation?
Synthesis: Cell cytoplasm
Oxidation: Mitochondrial matrix
what forms malonyl Co-A
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase forms acetyl CoA into malonyl CoA
What is another name for Vitamin B7
Biotin - acquired from diet
What is necessary fro fatty acid synthesase?
Malonyl CoA
What are the two types of lipid synthesis?
FAS I (animals) FAS II (plants & bacteria
How many carbons are produced in FAS I fatty acid chain?
16 carbons (palmitate)
What regulates the balance of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)
What 2 compounds form phosphatidic acid?
Glucose & Glycerol
Why is phsohatidic acid important?
When a fatty acid is added to it, it froms phospholipids & triglycerides
Cholesterol is formed from….?
Acetyl - CoA
