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Repro II > Female Phys review > Flashcards

Female Phys review Flashcards

1
Q

what ages does FSH and LH spike?

A 
2nd trimester of fetal development
around 4-5 months of age
small rise at puberty
cyclically until menopause
rises with menopause dt loss of neg feedback by E
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2
Q

Pituitary-ovary x-talk

A
  • corpus luteum dies and E and P fall
  • pit responds to loss of neg feedback -> increased FSH
  • FSH recruits cohort of large antral follicles which secrete E and inhibin
  • E and inhibin inhibit FSH secretion
  • loss of FSH causes all but dominant follicle to die which then produces lots of E
  • E switches to pos feedback get LH (and some FSH) surge
  • LH surge induces metabolic maturation, ovulation, and luteinization and produces high P, E and inhibin
  • high P, E, and inhibin inhibit LH and FSH
  • corpus luteum become less sensitive to LH and dies unless there is an hCG rescue
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3
Q

stages of follicular development

A

primordial follicle -> primary follicle -> secondary preantral follicle -> small antral follicle -> large recruitable antral follicle -> dominant follicle

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4
Q

mural granulose cells

A

highly steriodogenic and differentiate into corpus luteum

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5
Q

cumulus cells

A

released with oocyte upon ovulation and faciliatate oocyte capture by oviduct

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6
Q

stages of gamete

A

oogonium -> primary oocyte arrested at prophase 1 -> shortly before ovulation oocyte completes meiosis I -> secondary oocyte arrested at metaphase II -> completes meiosis at fertilization

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7
Q

thecal cells

A

produce angrogen androstenedione

have low levels of 17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase so produce very little T

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8
Q

follicular phase

A

FSH induces expression of LHR on mural granulosa cells

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9
Q

luteal phase

A

mural granulosa cells experience

  • transient inhibition of CYP19 expression and E prodution turning off pos feedback
  • vascularization of granulosa cells making cholesterol available for steroidogenesis
  • expression of StAR proteins, CYPIIA1 and 3beta HSD -> Progesterone secretion
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10
Q

E effects on oviduct

A 
increases endosalpinx epi size
increases blood flow
increases oviduct specific glycoproteins
increases ciliogenesis
increases mucus and muscular tone
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11
Q

P effects on oviduct

A

decrease epi size
deciliation
decrease mucus
relaxes mm tone

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12
Q

aa supply

A

uterine a -> arcuate a -> radial br -> splits into straight and spiral aa in basal zone -> spiral anatamous with venous lakes in functional zone

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13
Q

late menstrual phase is what days?

A

3-5

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14
Q

late proliferative phase is what days

A

10-13

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15
Q

early secretory is what days

A

15-18

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16
Q

late secretory is what days

A

22-25

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17
Q

which endometrial phases coincide with the ovarian follicular phase?

A

proliferative

days 0-14 when ovulation occurs

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18
Q

which endometrial phases coincide with ovarian luteal phase?

A

secretory (begins at ovulation) and menstrual

days 14-28

19
Q

structure and fnx of cervix

A
  • highly elastic lamina propria
  • gateway to upper female tract
  • during luteal phase passage of sperm is impeded d/t changes in endocervical canal
20
Q

hormonal regulation of cervical mucus

A

E-> stimulates production of thin watery slightly alkaline mucus
P-> stimulates production of scant, viscous, slightly acidic mucus

21
Q

P transport

A

bound to cortisol binding protein and albumin

22
Q

fertilization is how may days after ovulation

A

1

23
Q

blastocyst enters uterine cavity is how may days after ovulation

A

4

24
Q

implantation is how may days after ovulation

A

5

25
Q

trophoblast forms and attaches to endometrium is how may days after ovulation

A

6

26
Q

trophoblast begins to secrete hCG is how may days after ovulation

A

8

27
Q

HCG resuces corpus luteum is how may days after ovulation

A

10

28
Q

limitations of placenta

A

cannot make adequate cholesterol
lacks enzymes for estrone and estradiol
lacks enzyme for etriol

29
Q

what does the mother contribute for hormone synthesis

A

LDL cholesterol

30
Q

what does the placenta contribute for hormone synthesis

A

3beta HSD

aromatase (P-450)

31
Q

what does the fetus contribute for hormone synthesis

A

17alpha hydroxylase (for E1 and E2)
17,20 desmolase (E1 and E2)
16 alpha hydroxylase (E3)

32
Q

P synthesis

A

mom give cholesterol to placenta which creates P for both mom and baby

33
Q

E3 synthesis

A

mom gives chol to placenta which makes pregnolone -> converted to DHEA by fetus -> placenta converts to E3 for mom

34
Q

hPL

A

human placental lactogen
aka hCS
structurally similar to GH and PRL
dectectable in moms blood at 3 weeks and continues to increase

35
Q

fnx of hPL

A

antagonistic to insulin -> diabetogenic effect
increases glucose for fetus
stimuluates mammary growth and development

36
Q

pituitary changes in pregnancy

A

2x increased size

ADH set point lowered

37
Q

adrenal changes in pregnancy

A

cortisol and aldosterone levels rise

E stimulates activity RAAS

38
Q

thyroid changes in pregnanacy

A

total T4 and T3 increase, but free T4 normal

TSH levels decrease in first trimester

39
Q

CV changes in pregnancy

A 
increased vascular volume
decreased peripheral resistance
increased SV
increased HR
increased contractility
increased CO
40
Q

respiratory changes in pregnancy

A 
increased minute volume
increased tidal volume
decreased PCO2
decreased FRC
decreased IRV
respiratory alkalosis
41
Q

renal changes in pregnancy

A

increased ADH and RAAS

increased GFR

42
Q

stages of labor

A

strong uterine contractions
delivery of fetus
delivery of placenta

43
Q

initiation of parturition

A 
placental CRH
E
Oxy
prostaglandins
uterine size
44
Q

endocrine changes after parturition

A

E and P falls close to 0, bc inhibited by prolactin

prolactin remains cyclical if mom breast feeds

Repro II (20 decks)

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