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Semester 4 - Reproductive System > Female Histology > Flashcards

Female Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Give the sequence of follicular development

A 
Primordial follicle
Unilaminar primary follicle 
Multilamina primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Ternary follicle
Graafian (mature) follicle
Corpus luteum
Corpus nigricans
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2
Q

What is the conversion which occurs when primordial follicles change?

A

Squamous granulosa cells become cuboidal

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3
Q

What is a multilaminar primary follicle?

A

Stratified cuboidal cells, as opposed to simple unilaminar

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4
Q

What do the outer ovarian stromal cells differnentiate into?

A

Theca folliculi

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5
Q

What do the theca folliculi differntiate into#?

A

Theca interna

Theca externae

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6
Q

What does the theca interna do?

A

Secrete oestrogen

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7
Q

What does the theca externae do?

A

Mostly made up of vascular connective tissue

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8
Q

What is the fluid filled space in the ternary follicle called?

A

The antrum

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9
Q

What are the layers of granulosa cells around the oocyte called in the ternary follicle

A

The corona radiata

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10
Q

What is the “peg” the oocyte sits on in the graafian follicle

A

Cumulus oophorus

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11
Q

Why does ovulation occur?

A

The tissue around the follicle thins and becomes ischaemic

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12
Q

What does the corpus lutem develop from?

A

Granulosa and theca interna cells

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13
Q

What are granulosa cells converted into?

A

Granulosa lutein cells

Secretes progesterone

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14
Q

What are theca interna cells converted into and what do they secrete?

A

Theca lutein cells

Secretes oestrogen

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15
Q

What happens to the corpus lutem in the absence of fertilisation?

A

After two weeks it becomes fibrosed, hyalinised into a white connective tissue. Then known as a corpus albicans.

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16
Q

When would a corpus nigricans form?

A

If process of erythrocyte phagocytosis from centre of corpus luteum is incomplete, the degenerating corpus luteum can form a pigmented corpus nigricans

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17
Q

Name the four sections of the fallopian tube

A

Fimbria -> Infundibulum -> Ampulla -> Intramural part within uterine wall

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18
Q

Outline the walls of the fallopian tube

A

Mucosa -> Muscular layer -> Serosal covering

19
Q

Where is the most folding in fallopian tube?

A

Ampulla

20
Q

What type of epithelial cells are there in the fallopian tube?

A

Columnar

21
Q

Where are the most numerous cilia cells in the fallopian tube?

A

Ampulla

22
Q

What pattern does the number of peg cells in the fallopian tube follow?

A

More as get towards uterus

23
Q

How does the structure of the fallopian tube vary along its length?

A

o In the Ampulla the muscle coat consists of two layers.

o In the Isthmus (shown here) the muscle layer is much thicker and has three layers.

24
Q

What are the two layers of the uterus called?

A

Endometrium

Myometrium

25
Q

What is the endometrium lined by?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

26
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle in the myometrium?

A

Four layers of smooth muscle

27
Q

What is the blood supply of the endometrium?

A

Uterine arteries which branch into arcuate arteries

28
Q

What do the arcuate arteries branch out into? (2)

A

Straight arteries which ramify in the stratum basalis

Coiled arteries which supply the stratum functionalis

29
Q

What can the endometrium be divided into?

A

o Functional (F Stratum Functionalis)
 Outer Compact (C)
 Deeper Spongy (S)
o Basal (B, Stratum Basalis)

30
Q

What is the significance of the functional and basal layer?

A

Functional is shed entirely during menstruation

31
Q

What are the three phases in the uterine endometrium

A 
o	A Proliferative Phase
      	Under control of Oestrogen
o	A Sectretory Phase
      	Under control of Progesterone
o	A Menstrual Phase
      	Sudden drop in Progesterone
32
Q

What happens during the proliferative phase?

A

Stratum functionalis regenerates from cells lining the glands in the stratum basalis
Growth leads to increasing length of endometrial glands and proliferation of stromal cells surrounding these glands.

33
Q

What happens during the secretory phase?

A

Increasing levels of progesterone lead to further development of the endometrium. Glands grow more than surrounding lamina propria and become coiled.
Stroma become oedematous and develop into decidual cells. If fertilisation occurs, these assist in formation of placenta and secretion of prolactin.

34
Q

What are the three types of endometrial glands

A

Straight, unbranched, tubular glands

35
Q

What occurs in the menstrual phase?

A

Absence of fertilisation, progesterone starts to decline. Spasm of spiral arteries due to progesterone decrease causes locally released prostaglandin. This deprives stratum functionalis of nutrients, causing it to become necrotic. Coiled arteries do not go into spasm so the stratum basalis remains.

36
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Connects the uterine cavity and the vagina,

37
Q

Outline the structure of the cervix

A

External os - Cervical canal - Internal os

38
Q

What cell type is the cervical canal lined by?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

EXCEPT for inner aspect of externa Os, epithelium stratified squamous non-keratinised

39
Q

What kind of glands does cervical canal contain?

A

Mucous secreting glands

40
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Fibromuscular tube

41
Q

What are the three main layers of the vagina?

A 
Mucosa 
Submucosa
Muscular layer
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
42
Q

What is the vaginal epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized

43
Q

What do epithelial cells in the vagina accumulate? Why?

A

Glucogen, due to oestrogen, which is a substrate for lactobacilli found within the vagina

44
Q

What does the vagina conspicuously lack?

A

Glands

It is lubricated by mucous produced by cervical glands and also by the vestibular glands that open into vestibule.

Semester 4 - Reproductive System (30 decks)

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