Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Female Anatomy (Chapter 2) > Flashcards

Female Anatomy (Chapter 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tubular genitalia of the female reproductive tract?

A

Oviducts, Uterus (Uterine Horns and Body), cervix, and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the tubular genitalia of the female reproductive tract make up in the early embryo?

A

Urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the similar layers of the tubular genitalia of the female reproductive tract from innermost to outermost?

A

Muscosa (inner) submucosa, muscularis, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 major functions of the ovary?

A

produce gametes
produce hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A
  • housing compartment for pregnancy (early embryogenesis)
  • roles in reproductive cyclicity of the cervix
  • sperm moves thru contraction of the uterus (sperm transportation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the uterus control cyclicity?

A

The uterus knowns if not pregnant, if so it sends a signal to kill CL so that the body can try to get pregnant again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the submucosa include?

A

blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the lumen?

A

Inner cavity/space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the submucosa do?

A

Facilitate secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mucosa?

A

secretory layer of the epithelium that surrounds the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the serosa and what does it do?

A

Squamous cells that cover the outer layer that aids in lubrication and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the muscularis and what do they do in combination with each other?

A
  • circular smooth muscle layer (contracts in)
  • longitudinal smooth muscle layer (shortening/lengthening)
  • combo helps move things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of the oviducts?

A
  • connect the ovary to the uterus
  • capture oocyte through the infundibulum
  • where the female gamete is transported following ovulation and site of fertilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of the cervix?

A
  • a gatekeeper to the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries from bad things (bacteria/unwanted species)
  • lubrication during heat for sex (slime to catch things)
  • flushing system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the vagina?

A

the copulatory organ that produces lubricating mucus during estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the female reproductive tract located?

A

Beneath rectum in the rectogenital pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is the female reproductive tract supported?

A

surrounded by the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the peritoneum and its function?

A
  • double layer of connective tissue
  • membrane that liner inner cavity of abdominal and lines the organs
    -supports and allows for transportation of substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three components of the peritoneum?

A
  • mesovarium = ovary
  • mesoalpinx = oviducts
  • mesometrium = uterus/uterine horns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which component of the peritoneum is associated with the ovary?

A

mesovarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which component of the peritoneum is associated with the oviduct?

A

mesoalpinx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which component of the peritoneum is associated with the uterus/uterine horns?

A

mesometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which component of the peritoneum is the largest?

A

mesometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the fusion of the peritoneum form?

A

broad ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

True of false: the mesovarium encases the ovary.

A

False, it comes to form the hilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the hilus of the ovary?

A

the stalk that provides blood, lymphatics, nerves that support the ovary?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is ventral vs dorsal?

A

ventral is the front side and dorsal is the back side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is posterior vs anterior?

A

posterior is pointing from the back and anterior is pointing from the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is cranial vs caudal?

A

Cranial is toward the head and caudal is toward the feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What two things differ with reproductive tract anatomy?

A

nutritional preferences and digestive tract anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What species have a very short uterine body?

A

Ruminants (cows and sheep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the uterine body?

A

Where the 2 uterine horns come together to funnel into the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the factors that cause variation in uterine horn length?

A
  • genetics
  • age
  • # of babies (more babies = bigger horn size)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

a membrane that floats around the ovary that catches the gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Follicle ___, infundibulum ____ it, and its filtered through the ____ which is where fertilization occurs.

A

Ovulates; catches; oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Fertilized embryo floats down ___ portions into the ____. The ___ maintains pregnancy. If the embryo dies, the ____ induces the next cycle.

A

Tubular; uterine horns; uterus; uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When a follicle ruptures during ___, ____ is sent out and the infundibulum ____ it.

A

Ovulation; gamete; catches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

If the infundibulum doesn’t catch the gamete, what happens?

A

The body cavity reabsorbs the gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The cow’s cervix is unique because?

A

it has 3-4 cervical rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are caruncles?

A

specific button-like structures that attach the placenta and uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the fornix vagina?

A

A 360 degree pouch around the cervical opening with 1 small opening in the center to trap bad things, but allow good sperm to make it to the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The ____ penis doesn’t enter the cervic, but the ___ penis does?

A

Cow; pig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the 1st line of defense in the cow?

A

Labia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does the cranial vagina/vagina include?

A

Just the reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does the caudal vagina/vestibule include?

A

The reproductive and urinary systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the characteristic of the cranial vagina/vagina?

A

A more secretory mucosa facilitated by the submucosa involved in copulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the characteristics of the caudal vagina/vestibule?

A
  • more integrity
  • more acidic
  • more thick layer of squamous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The cow has very large ____ compared to its ____?

A

uterine horns; uterine body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The cow has extremely small ____?

A

Oviducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The cervix of the sow is unique because?

A

It is very rigid with interdigitating prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The sow has much longer ____ than the cow because ____?

A

Uterine horns; pigs have larger litters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The ovary is an extremely dynamic organ but has ____?

A

predictable change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the difference in an oocyte and ovum?

A

An oocyte is what is still considered in the follicle and is immature, while an ovum is released and mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What are conceptus?

A

offspring of any age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What produces progesterone and what does it do?

A

The CL; maintain pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What does CL stand for?

A

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What produces estrogen and what does it do?

A

Follicle; induces ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are female gonads and where are they produced?

A

Paired structures from the mesonephric ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are the layers of the ovary?

A
  • tunica albuginea
  • ovarian cortex
  • ovarian medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the tunica albuginea of the ovary?

A
  • connective tissue
  • lies just beneath the germinal epithelium
  • helps ovary maintain structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the ovarian cortex of the ovary?

A
  • houses oocytes (but the mare is inside out)
  • produces gametes
  • middle layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the ovarian medulla of the ovary?

A
  • vasculature, nerves, and lymphatics necessary for producing gametes
  • inner layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How many female gametes does a follicle house?

A

Only 1 each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

The ovarian cortex is similar to the ________, and the medulla is similar to the ___________?

A

Mucosa; submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

For a mare to maintain pregnancy….?

A

Concepti must touch 12-24x a day (we can use a marble to imitate pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

All the species we study have _________ uteruses?

A

Bicornuate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Pigs will ovulate from one or both ovaries?

A

Both, with concepti on both sides that must switch sides for her to maintain pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Cranial vagina is the site of ___________ for each species except the ________?

A

Semen deposition; pig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Velocity of ejaculation in the __________ is so powerful that is nearly bypasses the cervix?

A

Horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Estrogen sources from ___________ and is highest in the ___________?

A

Follicle; tertiary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

With estrogen, the _________ cervix relaxes?

A

Mare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

With __________, the cervix contracts in the cow, ewe, sow, bitch, and queen?

A

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

The _______ uterine horns form a T-shape since they’re _________ relative to the uterine body (and don’t curve back)?

A

Mare; short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

The mare’s cervix is unique because….?

A

It’s not as rigid and has cervical folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

_________ have the largest ovaries of all the species?

A

Mares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

The ________ anomaly is that the ovarian cortex and medulla are reversed?

A

Mare; the ovarian cortex is interior and the ovarian medulla is exterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Since the follicle in the mare is smaller than the ovary, the follicle doesn’t need to _______, it just needs to _________ and the _______ will migrate?

A

Move; soften; oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What is the significance of the ovulation fossa?

A

Follicles moving through the medulla isn’t possible in the mare, so they have an ovulation fossa, which is where mares MUST ovulate (other species don’t have a specific location that they need to ovulate in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

When does the ovulation fossa form in the mare?

A

At 5-7 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What are the ovarian structures (that inhabit the ovarian layers) in order of development?

A
  • Primordial follicles
  • primary follicles
  • secondary follicles
  • antral (tertiary) follicles
  • corpora lutea
  • corpora albicans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

The process by which follicles develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Which ovarian structures are dominated by follicles?

A

Primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles, and antral (tertiary) follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

When does ovulation occur in relation to the ovarian structures?

A

Between antral (tertiary follicles) and corpora lutea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Which ovarian structures are towards the corpus luteum?

A

Corpora lutea and corpora albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

True or false: in cycling animals, you will likely find all of the follicle types and depending on the stage of cycle, a CL.

A

True

86
Q

True or false: there is a constant flow to follicular development.

A

True

87
Q

In the bitch, the _________ is long relative to the _________.

A

vagina; vestibule

88
Q

What happens to the sphincter and cervix after copulation in the bitch?

A

Sphincter contracts and cervix closes

89
Q

The bitch’s cervix is unique because…..?

A

It’s very short with a finite tube and sphincter

90
Q

The uterine horns in the bitch are shaped like…..?

A

A Y, and still kinda long

91
Q

What are the antral follicle layer?

A
  • theca externa
  • theca interna
  • granulosal (“membrane granulosa”)
92
Q

What is the function of the theca externa?

A

support

93
Q

What is the function of the theca interna?

A
  • androgen production
  • respond to pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and produce testosterone
94
Q

What is the function of the granulosal?

A
  • respond to pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and convert testosterone to estrogen
  • govern maturation of oocyte (completion of meiosis 1 in primordial follicle)
95
Q

Where does LH and FSH source from?

A

pituitary

96
Q

What is a primary difference between the cat and dog?

A

Vulva and rectum are very close together in the cat but not the dog

97
Q

What is a primary difference between cats/dogs and other species?

A

Vagina extends past pelvic rim in dog and cat, but doesn’t in other species unless they’re pregnant

98
Q

True or false: the primordial follicle doesn’t listen to anything.

A

True

99
Q

What is a dominant follicle?

A

The one(s) that win and are chosen to ovulate

100
Q

What governs how many follicles become dominant?

A

Litter size; 1 dominant follicle in cow, but maybe 14 in pigs because they have litters

101
Q

Which hormone is dominant: progesterone or estrogen?

A

Progesterone is dominant to estrogen

102
Q

As fluid/size of the antral follicle increases, __________ production also increases.

A

Estrogen

103
Q

True or false: antral follicles cannot die.

A

False

104
Q

The ________ follicle includes 2 layers of cells.

A

secondary

105
Q

The _________ follicle can “hear” the environment and either grows or dies.

A

Primary follicle

106
Q

The __________ follicle doesn’t do anything but hold gamete in suspended meiosis 1, so that body protects gametes from ____________; there is no interaction with the environment.

A

Primordial; DNA degredation

107
Q

If DNA from birth gets degraded, the DNA ages too fast and can….?

A

Make it harder/impossible to reproduce

108
Q

Why does the antral follicle grow in size?

A

Bc of the fluid-filled cavity

109
Q

What happens to the basement membrane as the antral follicle grows in size?

A

Weakens bc of the pressure

110
Q

When can the follicle be visualized for the first time? What does it look like?

A

As an antral follicle; a blister on the ovary

111
Q

Tertiary = antral which = __________, but does not = ___________.

A

Graafian; dominant

112
Q

If not pregnant, the CL goes away and becomes the _____________; the process restarts before it’s ever known,

A

Corpus albicans

113
Q

If pregnant, the ________ is maintained.

A

Corpus luteum

114
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

“White body” that isn’t functional to finish healing

115
Q

When dominant antral follicles ovulate, the ______________ is formed

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum (bloody body)

116
Q

What color is the CL?

A

yellow

117
Q

After ovulation and healing, follicles remodel themselves to form ________.

A

CL

118
Q

With the corpus hemorrhagicum, _________ is occurring because the release of the _______ is traumatic.

A

Healing; ovum

119
Q

The most common cyst is ____________. What happens?

A

Follicular; 1 very large follicle in absence of other structures that becomes stagnant and can’t receive nutrients, so there will won’t be a cycle with almost constant heat

120
Q

Too high of estrogen causes…?

A

Granulosa cell issue

121
Q

Too high of testosterone causes…?

A

Thecal cell issue

122
Q

True or false: the size that a follicle must attain to ovulate is the same in all species.

A

False; the size varies by species

123
Q

Disorders of the ovary

A
  • ovarian cysts (refusal to give up)
  • polycystic ovaries (single offspring)
  • ovarian tumors (common in horses)
124
Q

What happens with a polycystic ovary?

A

Multiple follicles and the system can’t work

125
Q

What happens with ovarian tumors?

A

Accumulation of antral fluid, causing thecal and granulosa cell growth

126
Q

Which species has the largest infundibulum?

A

the sow

127
Q

What are the structures of the oviduct?

A
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
128
Q

What does the uterine tubular junction do?

A

Prevents sperm from going up once fertilization occurs (in some species)

129
Q

The infundibulum is the __________ and includes _______.

A

Catcher’s mitt; fimbriae

130
Q

The point of fertilization is where the _______ and _______ meet.

A

Ampulla; isthmus

131
Q

What does the isthmus do?

A

Aids in transport of sperm and eventually embryos using muscular layer

132
Q

What are the characteristics of the isthmus?

A
  • smaller diameter
  • more muscular
  • less mucosal folds
133
Q

Which structure of the oviduct is closest to the ovary?

A

ampulla

134
Q

What are the characteristics of the ampulla?

A
  • 50% or more
  • large diameter
  • mucosal folds
  • ciliated epithelium
135
Q

Why does the ampulla have mucosal folds and ciliated epithelium?

A

Bc it’s responsible to move the gamete that can’t move itself to the uterus

136
Q

CL can be wherever ovulation occurs except for ________.

A

Mare (ovulation fossa)

137
Q

True or false: there can be lots of follicles on board and still have a CL.

A

True; this is so that if the body needs to try again, follicles are ready

138
Q

Pregnancy is initially housed in _______ and then expanded into _________.

A

Uterine horns; uterine body and uterine horns

139
Q

What are the characteristics of a duplex tract?

A
  • two cervices with own uterine horns
  • single vagina but then it splits
  • pregnancy delivered in between split vagina
  • best for forked penis
140
Q

What species has a duplex tract?

A

rabbit

141
Q

What are the characteristics of a bicornuate tract?

A
  • poorly to moderate developed uterine horns
  • seen in the mare and cow
  • tubular structures initially part of the urinary system and then fuse
142
Q

In a bicornuate tract, good fusion of the tubular structures mean….?

A

A larger uterine body

143
Q

The mare and cow both have a bicornuate uterus, but the ______ has a larger uterine body than the _______.

A

Mare; cow

144
Q

Which species have highly developed uterine horns?

A

Bitch, queen, and sow

145
Q

What are the characteristics of a simplex tract?

A
  • no uterine horns
  • large uterine body (complete fusion)
146
Q

What is a species that has a simplex tract?

A

Humans

147
Q

Estrogen in cow causes contraction in ___________ and secretions in _________; in the horse, the _______ occurs.

A

Myometrium; endometrium; exact opposite

148
Q

Progesterone in cow causes _________ in myometrium; in the horse, the ________ occurs.

A

Relaxation; exact opposite

149
Q

What are the barriers of the cervix for the cow and ewe?

A

Cervical rings

150
Q

What are the barriers of the cervix for the pig?

A

Interdigitating prominences

151
Q

What are the barriers of the cervix for the cat and dog?

A

spincter (singular cervical ring)

152
Q

What are the barriers of the cervix for the cat and dog?

A

cervical folds

153
Q

What do the uterine glands do?

A

Garner secretory materials that need to be made

154
Q

What is the only species that has scarring in the caruncles from past pregnancies?

A

queen

155
Q

Which species don’t have caruncles?

A

mare and sow

156
Q

What are the purposes of the vagina?

A
  • copulatory organ
  • common passageway for urine
  • fetal expulsion point
157
Q

The paramesonephric is the early ________ and becomes the _________.

A

Kidney; cranial vagina

158
Q

True or false: the cranial vagina is pretty secretory, but not as much as the cervix.

A

True

159
Q

The urogenital sinus is the ____________ and becomes the ___________.

A

Existing kidney and urinary system; Caudal (vestibule)

160
Q

External genitalia is the…..?

A

1st line of defense

161
Q

What are the structures of the external genitalia?

A

Vulva and perineum

162
Q

What is the function of the external genitalia?

A

Protection of the reproductive tract

163
Q

What is the serosal layer of the uterus? What does it do?

A

Perimetrium; protects and prevents adherence

164
Q

What is the muscularis layer of the uterus? Does it respond well to hormones?

A

Myometrium; yes

165
Q

What is the mucosal (secretion) and submucosal (support) layer of the uterus? Does it respond well to hormones?

A

Endometrium; yes

166
Q

What nuances do ruminants (cow/ewe) have in differing animal tracts?

A
  • very little uterine body
  • small cervix
167
Q

What is the infundibulum referred to as?

A

catchers mitt

168
Q

What are the ovary’s two parts?`

A

follicle and corpus luteum

169
Q

Where does fertilization occur? What does this transport?

A

oviduct and female and male gamete

170
Q

What is the cervix referred to as?

A

the gatekeeper

171
Q

What does the cervix connect?

A

the outer and inner portion of the reproductive system

172
Q

What are the layers/parts of the vagina?

A

Vestibule (Ve) and Cranial Vagina (CV)

173
Q

EUB stands for?

A

external uterine biphorix

174
Q

What is the fornix vagina?

A

a 360 blind couch that goes around the cervix

175
Q

What animal has and doesn’t have a fornix vagina?

A

Cow/Ewe does but Sow does not

176
Q

What nuances does the sow have in differing animal tracts?

A
  • corkscrew penis
  • no fornix vagina
  • long uterine horns
  • long cervix
177
Q

Larger uterine horns = more of what? Why?

A

more offspring cause need for more space

178
Q

What nuances do mares have in differing animal tracts?

A
  • rigidity of cervix
  • large uterine body
  • biggest ovaries
179
Q

What nuances do the dog and cat have?

A
  • long cervix
  • more simplified reproduction than other species.
180
Q

U shape UH? V shape UH

A

Dog and Cat`

181
Q

EUB stands for?

A

External Uterine Biphoreation

182
Q

Where is the oocyte contained before maturity?

A

follicle

183
Q

What produces progesterone? What produces estrogen?

A

Corpus luteum and follicle

184
Q

What are the layers of the ovaries?

A
  • Tunica albuginea (outer connective tissue layer)
  • ovarian cortex
  • ovarian medulla
185
Q

What lies above the tunica albuginea?

A

the germinal epithelium (layer of cells)

186
Q

What does the ovarian cortex house?

A

oocytes

187
Q

What do the cells around the oocytes in the ovarian cortex produce/develop?

A

follicles

188
Q

How many female gametes do follicles house

A

1

189
Q

Where does ovulation occur in most animals?

A

random locations

190
Q

Where does ovulation occur in mares?

A

ovulation fossa

191
Q

What is reversed in mares for ovary structure?

A

ovarian cortex and medulla

192
Q

What is the ovarian medulla and what does it house?

A

central part and houses vasculature, nerves, and the lymphatics

193
Q

What are the development stages in follicular development?

A
  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary follicle
  4. Antral (tertiary) follicle
  5. Antral (dominant) follicle
194
Q

What follicle is selected for ovulation?

A

Antral (dominant) follicle

195
Q

True or False: There is a constant flow to follicular development meaning all stages are present at the same time.

A

True

196
Q

What are the antral follicle layers? What do they do?

A
  • theca externa -> support
  • theca Interna` -> androgen production/pituitary LH
  • granulosal -> pituitary FSH/govern maturation of oocyte
197
Q

Ovum is stored where?

A

oocyte

198
Q

What color is the corpus homorrhagicum?

A

bright red

199
Q

What happens to the Corpus luteum in follicular development?

A

stays if pregnant, leaves if not

200
Q

Ovary disorders include?

A
  • ovarian cysts
  • polycystic ovaries
  • ovarian tumors (common in horses)
201
Q

Granulosa cells bind___ and relate to ___ production.

A

FSH; estrogen

202
Q

Thecal cells binds ____, relates to ____ production.

A

LH; testosterone

203
Q

What is oviduct purpose?

A

capture oocyte, site of fertilization, ovulation

204
Q

What are the structures within the oviduct? What are these?

A
  • Infundibulum -> catchers mitt
  • ampulla -> 50% or more
  • isthmus -> smaller, more muscular part
205
Q

What are the uterine types based on horn development/different types of Uterine?

A

-duplex (no uterine body) -> rabittes
- bicornuate -> cow/mare
- simplex (single UB) -> humans
- highly developed horns -> bitch, queen, sow

206
Q

What are the three components of the uterus?

A
  • Perimetrium (serosa)
  • myometrium (muscularis)
  • endometrium (mucosa and submucosa)
207
Q

What are the functions of the cervix?

A

lubrication, flushing system, barrier (gatekeeper)

208
Q

What are the types of cervix?

A

Folds and rings

209
Q

Cranial vagina is moving ____ and the vestibule is moving ___.

A

in; out

210
Q

Primary role of the vagina?

A

copulatory organ

211
Q

The external genitalia is what?

A

the opening of the vagina (vulva)

Reproduction (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions