feline viral diseases 2 - Emily Flashcards
Is FIP easy to diagnose?
Nope
Why can it be difficult to diagnose FIP?
Symptoms can be very non-specific
What is FIP caused by?
FIPV which is a mutated FeCV (coronavirus)
Which cells does replication of FeCV take place in?
Epithelial cells lining the gut (enterocytes)
What type of cells does FIPV target and replicate in?
Monocytes/macrophages. Then can spread systemically
Why can the immune response to FIPV be insufficient?
There’s no display of viral antigens on monocyte surface
Why is it difficult to diagnose FIP with RT-PCR in the bloodstream?
Short viremia (peak ~7 days)
Which cells does FIPV transfer from and transfer into?**
Enterocytes into macrophages
Is FIPV seen mainly in young cats or old cats?
Young cats
How many days post-infection does fecal FeCV usually occur?
2-3 days post-infection
Is FeCV usually asymptomatic?
Ya, but very rarely can lead to fatal enteritis
Is FIPV transmissible from cat to cat? **
NO! only the FeCV is transmissible, not the mutated form
What percentage of cats with FeCV develop FIP?
1-3%
What is the only way to spread FIPV from one cat to another?
Transfer abdominal fluid from an infected cat to another cat
What kind of virus is a coronavirus?
Enveloped RNA virus
What is the significance of coronavirus being an RNA virus
Can mutate really quickly
Where does the FIPV mutation likely occur?
Spike protein cleavage site. Or maybe the 3C protein. We’re not really sure yet
What caused FeCV type 2?
Recombination of FeCV type 1 and Canine coronavirus (CCoV)
What clinical signs can signify wet FIP?
-Abdominal distension due to ascites
-Fever
-Abdominal fluid has high SpG with granulocytes
-Ocular lesions/uveitis
What colour is the abdominal fluid in FIP?
Straw yellow
Why should you always check the eyes of young cats?
Ocular lesions can indicate FIP
Why can cats with FIP have trouble breathing?
Thoracic effusion, can have fibrin on pleura
How can you detect dry FIP?
Exploratory laparotomy procedures and look for granulomatous deposits on organs
What kind of test can you do for FIP?
-Biopsies
-Can send blood and do FIP mRNA PCR (but can have a lot of false positives tho)
What are some criteria for FIP when taking a medical history?
-Mainly young cats (>2 yrs)
-Multi-cat environment
-Stress
-Pedigree
What do FIV/FeLV SNAP tests detect?
-FIV antibody
-FeLV antigen
Is lentivirus slow or fast? (you’ll know this if ur italian apparently)
Slow
Does lentivirus integrate itself into host genome?
Ya it does
How can feline lentivirus (FIV) be spread?
Blood to blood or sexual contact
What does FIV stand for?
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Is FIV a retrovirus?
Ya
What is the primary receptor of FIV?
CD134
What kind of T lymphocytes does FIV activate?
CD4+
What kind of differentiated cells can FIV replicate in?
B-Cells
Astrocytes
CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells
What is the PPV (positive predictive value) of FIV?
50%
Which phase of infection are antibodies for FIV highest?
The asymptomatic phase
What are clinical signs of FIV?
-Chronic gingivostomatitis
-Chronic rhinitis
-Lymphadenopathy
-Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
-Weight loss
-Secondary infections
What group of cats is most likely to be positive for FIV/FeLV?
Stray/rescue/shelter cats
Why are intact males more likely to have FIV?
They fight and bite each other and spread BLOOD and SALIVA
(q from steph: FIV only transmitted via blood NOT saliva???? (asking for a friend) this is me leaving a message in a bottle and to remind you that youre so hot)
Is there a vaccine for FIV?
There was, but it sucked so it was discontinued
What kind of virus is FeLV?
Gamma-retrovirus
Which organs are usually involved in FeLV?
-Spleen
-Lymph nodes
-Thymus
What is FeLV transmitted through?
-Saliva (grooming, sharing bowls)
-Nasal secretions
-Blood
-Feces
-Mothers milk
What are the two options that can occur following exposure to FeLV?
- Elimination of virus/latent infection (regressor cat)
- Transient viremia (lifelong infection or cat dies)
Why does the FeLV snap test test for antigens?
Because as the infection proceeds, it can change route from transient viremia to a latent infection, which can only be detected through antigens
If a cat tests positive on FeLV snap and then tests negative after a couple weeks, which route is the infection likely on?
The latent infection route (will become regressor cat)
What is the most important factor determining the clinical outcome?
Cats age at the time of infection
Which is the most important subgroup of FeLV? (this is the only one u need to remember)
FeLV-A
What is the significance of knowing about the different subgroups of FeLV?
Can cause more severe clinical outcomes
Are FeLV vaccines 100% effective?
No, but it will prevent the cat from developing progressive disease following exposure
What lifestyle of cats should be vaccinated for FeLV?
Outdoor cats
What is one reason to not vaccinate against FeLV?
Feline Injection Site Sarcoma (FISS)
What kind of FeLV vaccines should be used?
Non-adjuvanted, modified-live or recombinant vaccines
What happened when a non-adjuvanted vaccine for FeLV was used?
percentage of fibrosarcoma incidence decreased
