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VETM 422: Virology > feline viral diseases 2 - Emily > Flashcards

feline viral diseases 2 - Emily Flashcards

1
Q

Is FIP easy to diagnose?

A

Nope

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2
Q

Why can it be difficult to diagnose FIP?

A

Symptoms can be very non-specific

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3
Q

What is FIP caused by?

A

FIPV which is a mutated FeCV (coronavirus)

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4
Q

Which cells does replication of FeCV take place in?

A

Epithelial cells lining the gut (enterocytes)

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5
Q

What type of cells does FIPV target and replicate in?

A

Monocytes/macrophages. Then can spread systemically

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6
Q

Why can the immune response to FIPV be insufficient?

A

There’s no display of viral antigens on monocyte surface

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7
Q

Why is it difficult to diagnose FIP with RT-PCR in the bloodstream?

A

Short viremia (peak ~7 days)

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8
Q

Which cells does FIPV transfer from and transfer into?**

A

Enterocytes into macrophages

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9
Q

Is FIPV seen mainly in young cats or old cats?

A

Young cats

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10
Q

How many days post-infection does fecal FeCV usually occur?

A

2-3 days post-infection

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11
Q

Is FeCV usually asymptomatic?

A

Ya, but very rarely can lead to fatal enteritis

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12
Q

Is FIPV transmissible from cat to cat? **

A

NO! only the FeCV is transmissible, not the mutated form

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13
Q

What percentage of cats with FeCV develop FIP?

A

1-3%

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14
Q

What is the only way to spread FIPV from one cat to another?

A

Transfer abdominal fluid from an infected cat to another cat

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15
Q

What kind of virus is a coronavirus?

A

Enveloped RNA virus

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16
Q

What is the significance of coronavirus being an RNA virus

A

Can mutate really quickly

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17
Q

Where does the FIPV mutation likely occur?

A

Spike protein cleavage site. Or maybe the 3C protein. We’re not really sure yet

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18
Q

What caused FeCV type 2?

A

Recombination of FeCV type 1 and Canine coronavirus (CCoV)

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19
Q

What clinical signs can signify wet FIP?

A

-Abdominal distension due to ascites
-Fever
-Abdominal fluid has high SpG with granulocytes
-Ocular lesions/uveitis

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20
Q

What colour is the abdominal fluid in FIP?

A

Straw yellow

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21
Q

Why should you always check the eyes of young cats?

A

Ocular lesions can indicate FIP

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22
Q

Why can cats with FIP have trouble breathing?

A

Thoracic effusion, can have fibrin on pleura

23
Q

How can you detect dry FIP?

A

Exploratory laparotomy procedures and look for granulomatous deposits on organs

24
Q

What kind of test can you do for FIP?

A

-Biopsies
-Can send blood and do FIP mRNA PCR (but can have a lot of false positives tho)

25
Q

What are some criteria for FIP when taking a medical history?

A

-Mainly young cats (>2 yrs)
-Multi-cat environment
-Stress
-Pedigree

26
Q

What do FIV/FeLV SNAP tests detect?

A

-FIV antibody
-FeLV antigen

27
Q

Is lentivirus slow or fast? (you’ll know this if ur italian apparently)

A

Slow

28
Q

Does lentivirus integrate itself into host genome?

A

Ya it does

29
Q

How can feline lentivirus (FIV) be spread?

A

Blood to blood or sexual contact

30
Q

What does FIV stand for?

A

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

31
Q

Is FIV a retrovirus?

A

Ya

32
Q

What is the primary receptor of FIV?

A

CD134

33
Q

What kind of T lymphocytes does FIV activate?

A

CD4+

34
Q

What kind of differentiated cells can FIV replicate in?

A

B-Cells
Astrocytes
CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells

35
Q

What is the PPV (positive predictive value) of FIV?

A

50%

36
Q

Which phase of infection are antibodies for FIV highest?

A

The asymptomatic phase

37
Q

What are clinical signs of FIV?

A

-Chronic gingivostomatitis
-Chronic rhinitis
-Lymphadenopathy
-Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
-Weight loss
-Secondary infections

38
Q

What group of cats is most likely to be positive for FIV/FeLV?

A

Stray/rescue/shelter cats

39
Q

Why are intact males more likely to have FIV?

A

They fight and bite each other and spread BLOOD and SALIVA
(q from steph: FIV only transmitted via blood NOT saliva???? (asking for a friend) this is me leaving a message in a bottle and to remind you that youre so hot)

40
Q

Is there a vaccine for FIV?

A

There was, but it sucked so it was discontinued

41
Q

What kind of virus is FeLV?

A

Gamma-retrovirus

42
Q

Which organs are usually involved in FeLV?

A

-Spleen
-Lymph nodes
-Thymus

43
Q

What is FeLV transmitted through?

A

-Saliva (grooming, sharing bowls)
-Nasal secretions
-Blood
-Feces
-Mothers milk

44
Q

What are the two options that can occur following exposure to FeLV?

A
  1. Elimination of virus/latent infection (regressor cat)
  2. Transient viremia (lifelong infection or cat dies)
45
Q

Why does the FeLV snap test test for antigens?

A

Because as the infection proceeds, it can change route from transient viremia to a latent infection, which can only be detected through antigens

46
Q

If a cat tests positive on FeLV snap and then tests negative after a couple weeks, which route is the infection likely on?

A

The latent infection route (will become regressor cat)

47
Q

What is the most important factor determining the clinical outcome?

A

Cats age at the time of infection

48
Q

Which is the most important subgroup of FeLV? (this is the only one u need to remember)

A

FeLV-A

49
Q

What is the significance of knowing about the different subgroups of FeLV?

A

Can cause more severe clinical outcomes

50
Q

Are FeLV vaccines 100% effective?

A

No, but it will prevent the cat from developing progressive disease following exposure

51
Q

What lifestyle of cats should be vaccinated for FeLV?

A

Outdoor cats

52
Q

What is one reason to not vaccinate against FeLV?

A

Feline Injection Site Sarcoma (FISS)

53
Q

What kind of FeLV vaccines should be used?

A

Non-adjuvanted, modified-live or recombinant vaccines

54
Q

What happened when a non-adjuvanted vaccine for FeLV was used?

A

percentage of fibrosarcoma incidence decreased

VETM 422: Virology (20 decks)

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