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VETM 422: Virology > avian viral diseases 2 - Tesse > Flashcards

avian viral diseases 2 - Tesse Flashcards

1
Q

Pox virus is ____ shaped

A

brick

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2
Q

which 3 viruses have a segmented genome

A

influenza viruses
birna viruses
rotaviruses

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3
Q

AVian pox target cells

A

epithelial cells in the skin

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4
Q

epithelial hyperplasia and ballooning degeneration, with borrel bodies are found with:

A

avian pox virus

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5
Q

Avian pox targets ____ areas

A

unfeathered

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6
Q

what are the two forms of avian pox virus

A

cutaneous (dry)
wet

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7
Q

Cutaneous form of pox virus transmission

A

abrasions, mosquito bites and cannibalism

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8
Q

what is the mortality of cutaneous avian pox virus

A

low

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9
Q

which is more severe: cutaneous or wet avian pox

A

wet

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10
Q

transmission of wet avian pox

A

aerosolized virus in poultry -> respiratory

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11
Q

what is the tracheal lesion found in the wet form of avian pox

A

diffuse necrosuppurative tracheitis with locally extensive diptheretic membrane

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12
Q

Avian pox diagnosis

A

drop pox virus on chorioallantoic membrane of 9-11 day old. Pox virus will create plaques on the membrane 6 days postinoculation

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13
Q

Control of avian pox

A

vaccination via wing web method (chickens and pidgeons) or drumstick stab method (turkey)

Recombinant vx are available as well, as avian pox is the backbone of many other disease vaccines (infectious laryngotracheitis, newcastle) for in ovo or day 1 post hatch

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14
Q

monitoring avian pox vaccine take

A

scab or swelling at site of vaccine administration in wing web area 8-10 days post vx indicates development of immune response against fowl pox

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15
Q

what is the importance of pox virus

A
  1. used as a vector for vaccines
  2. causing disease
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16
Q

infectious bursal disease (gumboro disease) etiology

A

Family: birnaviridae
genera: avibirnanirus (IBDV)

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17
Q

which serotype of IBDV is non-pathogenic?

A

serotype 2

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18
Q

which serotype of IBDV is pathogenic

A

serotype 1

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19
Q

what are the three subgroups of IBDV-1

A

classic/standard (10-50% mortality)

variant (no mortality) but immune suppression

very virulent (50-100% mortality)

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20
Q

Clinical IBDV is common in what age of birds

A

3-6 weeks of age

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21
Q

which two species get subclinical IBDV in the absence of immunosuppression

A

turkeys and ducks

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22
Q

IBDV has a tropism for what type of cells in what organ

A

dividing pre-B cells in the bursa of fabricius

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23
Q

pathogenesis of bursa of fabricius atrophy in IBDV

A

inflammation of B of fabricius -> B cell necrosis and apoptosis -> acquired B lymphocyte deficiency -> atrophy

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24
Q

What two avian viruses deplete B cells

A

Marek’s and IBDV

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25
Q

what is the gross appearance of the B of Fabricius in IBDV cases

A

inflamed and swollen with hemorrhages. It appears enlarged, edematous, hemorrhagic and gelatinous

26
Q

IBDV on histology

A

immunohistochemical staining

27
Q

Gross appearance of kidneys in IBDV

A

severe urate accumulation leading to a colour change

28
Q

IBDV clinical signs

A

anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, urates in urine

29
Q

IBDV diagnosis

A

acute disease and bursal lesion suggest IBDV. virus isolation/RT PCR in the b of fabricius is confirmatory

30
Q

control of IBDV

A

vaccination
-broilers: ED18, D1 and D14-21
-layers: D14-21

31
Q

what are some things that can interfere with IBDV vaccination?

A

improper storage and/or preparation

uneven vx administration, often due to route of administration (in ovo is great, others not so much)

maternal antibody interference

32
Q

How do maternal antibodies interfere with the IBDV vaccine?

A

If you want to vaccinate early (3 weeks), you have to use a very virulent vaccine to overcome maternal antibodies.

at 3-6 weeks, use an intermediate vaccine.

post 6 weeks, use an avirulent vaccine.

33
Q

what are the two strategies for overcoming maternal antibody interference with avian IBDV vaccines?

A
  1. immune-complex vaccines (coat the vaccine virus in antibodies)
  2. vaccinate with decreasing virulence as maternal antibodies decline
34
Q

how do immune complex vaccines counteract maternal antibodies

A

vaccine virus is protected with vaccine antibodies. with these vx antibodies coating the virus, the maternal antibodies can’t interfere with it. over time, the vx antibodies decay, and virus replication can begin AFTER maternal antibodies are depleted.

35
Q

Chicken infectious anemia etiology

A

spherical, ss-non enveloped dna virus
family: circoviridae
genus:gyrovirus

36
Q

T/F: chicken anemia virus is very susceptible to the environment

A

false. it is very resistant

37
Q

how many serotypes of chicken anemia virus are there

A

1

38
Q

what age of chickens develop clinical signs of chicken infectious anemia

A

only young chicks, although all ages can be infected

39
Q

target cell of chicken anemia virus

A

T-cells

40
Q

match the avian virus to the target cell:

  1. chicken anemia virus
  2. IBDV

a. B cell
b. T cell

A

1-> b
2->a

41
Q

What are the three major impacts of chicken infectious anemia

A
  1. bad performance and increased mortality in broilers
  2. leading secondary infectious and vaccination failures
  3. vertical transmission from breeders to their progeny leading to clinical disease
42
Q

What are the two avian viruses that can transmit vertically

A

chicken infectious anemia and avian leukosis virus?????? can someone fact check this????

43
Q

T/F: chicken infectious anemia can be transmitted horizontally and vertically

A

true

44
Q

which cells does chicken infectious anemia virus target

A

hemocytoblast ( progenitor cell to RBCs, heterophils, thrombocytes) and T lymphocyte precursor. These cells undergo apoptosis, resulting in anemia, immunosuppression

45
Q

what is the most important consequence of CAV infection

A

immune suppression

46
Q

Which flock should you vaccinate against CAV: breeder flock or commercial flock?

A

breeder flock.

(don’t ask me why. This lecture is a nightmare)

47
Q

what is the significance of the incubation period of CAV

A

relatively long -> takes weeks to spread through entire flock

48
Q

where does CAV replicate

A

in most lymphopoeitic organs

49
Q

T/F: CAV enhances the effect of other immunosuppressive agents, such as mareks or IBDV

A

true

50
Q

what is a gross lesion found in the neck of chickens that may indicate CAV

A

thymus atrophy

51
Q

CAV gross lesions

A

subcutaneous hemorrhage, secondary bacterial infection leading to gangrenous dermatitis (“blue wing disease”). These are caused by anemia and immunosuppression respectively.

52
Q

What happens to the bone marrow in CAV infected birds

A

atrophies, and is replaced by fat

53
Q

control of CAV

A

maternal antibodies protect against CAV (so vaccinate your breeders!!)

54
Q

when should you vaccinate breeders against CAV

A

between 8-16 weeks of age

55
Q

Reo viral arthritis in broiler chickens causes ______ legs

A

“hockey stick” legs

56
Q

a broiler is lame and has legs that look like hockey sticks. whats your diagnosis

A

reo viral arthritis

57
Q

Reo virus has many variants. What does this mean for vaccines?

A

vaccine strains for reo virus do not protect against disease caused by the variant reoviruses

58
Q

you are asked to vaccinate a flock of chickens to prevent pox viral infection. you administer the vaccine via

A

wing web innoculation

59
Q

In ovo immune complex vaccines against infectious bursal disease (IBD):

a. consist of T cells and the vaccine virus in one formula
b. prevent maternal antibody interference
c. provide passive as well as active immunity
d. provide passive immunity only when maternal antibody levels are low
e. are used to stimulate innate immune responses rather than antibody-mediated immune responses

A

b. prevent maternal antibody interference

60
Q

What gross lesion is found consistently in 4 week old broiler chickens infected with a field strain of infectious bursal disease virus

A

inflamed swollen bursa of fabricius with hemorrhages

61
Q

What are the clinical signs of dry (cutaneous) avian pox

A

Follicular epithelial hyperplasia and folliculitis, hyperkeratosis and ulceration

62
Q

What are the oral lesions found in wet avian pox

A

Severe multifocal to coalescing mucosal hyperplasia

VETM 422: Virology (20 decks)

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