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VETM 422: Virology > canine viral diseases 2 - Tesse > Flashcards

canine viral diseases 2 - Tesse Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Distemper is part of what family

A

Paramyxoviridae

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2
Q

What are the main species that canine distemper affects?

A

Canidae and large Felidae

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3
Q

what is the classification of Distemper

A

ssRNA (-)

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4
Q

How long can distemper stay in the animals body

A

60 days

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5
Q

what types of animal materials contain CDV

A

respiratory and ocular fluids and other exudates (urine, feces, skin)

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6
Q

What determines the severity of clinical illness with CDV

A

antibody response

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7
Q

If an animal has inadequate host immunity, what part of the body will be invaded (Distemper)

A

all epithelial tissues and CNS

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8
Q

t/f adequate host immunity will prevent the virus from entering the CNS (distemper)

A

false. it may still enter the CNS, but the prevalence of CNS signs is lower

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9
Q

what are acute signs of CDV

A

conjunctivitis
fever
anorexia
vomiting
diarrhea

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10
Q

what are chronic signs of CDV

A

ataxia
tremors
myoclonus
seizures
moribund -> death

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11
Q

what is the pathogenesis of CNS clinical signs of CDV

A

aerosol -> replication in oral pharynx -> cells associated viremia in lymphocytes -> CNS -> demyelinating encephalitis, axonal injury, plasmacytic/lymphocytic infiltrates.

Results: seizures, myoclonus, old dog encephalitis, hard pad disease, death

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12
Q

what is the prevalence of neurological disease in CDV

A

30% of canines and almost all wild carnivores

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13
Q

what percentage of CDV infections in domestic dogs are subclinical

A

50-70%

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14
Q

what causes the biphasic fever that occurs at 3-4 days and then 14 days in dogs with CDV

A

lymphocytic viremia

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15
Q

what is enamel hypoplasia

A

direct viral infection and destruction of ameloblasts that produce enamel by CDV . occurs in dogs <6 mo of age

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16
Q

what is hard pad disease

A

hyperkeratosis of foot pads caused by CDV. this is due to CDV’s tropism for epithelial cells, their persistnece in and proliferation of keratinocytes

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17
Q

What histological findings are present once CDV is disseminated by the CSF

A

perivascular cuffing, inclusion bodies (mainly intracytoplasmic) and demyelination

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18
Q

some examples of CDV presentation in wildlife

A

suppurative conjunctivitis, syncytia/intracytoplasmic inclusions in the conjunctiva, and the brain

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19
Q

how is CDV diagnosed

A

molecular assays, serological assays, virus isolation and neutralization assay, pathological examination

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20
Q

what types of vaccines are available for CDV

A

attenuated and modified virus vx, recombinant canarypox vectored vx, inactivated vaccine

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21
Q

what are pros of attenuated and modified CDV vx

A

long lasting

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22
Q

what are cons of attenuated and modified CDV vx

A

reversion to virulent virus possible

not for immunosuppressed and pregnant dogs, or non-canine species

can be fatal to european minks and ferrets

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23
Q

what are pros of canarypox vx for CDV

A

licensed for ferrets, use for zoo and park suseptible animals recommended

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24
Q

what are cons of canarypox vx for CDV

A

does not prevent infection, but protects against CD

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25
what are characteristics of inactivated vx for CDV
does not prevent infection but protects against CD
26
what species are resistant to rabies
birds, reptiles, amphibians
27
what is the classifcation of rabies
- ss RNA, enveloped
28
What mammals are susceptible to rabies
all of them
29
What family does rabies belong to
rhabdoviridae
30
where is the only place on earth free of rabies
New Zealand
31
what are the reservoirs of rabies in canada
fox, bats, skunks and raccoons
32
what are the main reservoirs of rabies in alberta
bats followed by skunks and then cats.
33
what are the main reservoirs of rabies in ontario
foxes raccoons and other animals
34
describe the Rabies transmission cycle
canine and wildlife reservoirs can spill into non-reservoir livestock or non-reservoir domestic animals, which can all lead to interactions with the human population (and therefore cause death)
35
what is reservoir transmission of rabies to humans
direct transmission from either a canine member or a wildlife member to a human
36
what is a non-reservoir transmission of rabies to humans
indirect transmission from one of the reservoirs (wildlife or canine) to humans through a non-reservoir (livestock, domestic animals)
37
what is the mode of transmission of rabies
saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and infected neural tissues via cuts in skin, bite wounds, mucous membranes, or aerosols
38
what is the incubation period of rabies
days-months
39
how fast can rabies be transported via anterograde transport
100 mm per day
40
what is the fatality rate of rabies
100%
41
what species get the paralytic form of rabies
horses, cattle, bats, and dogs
42
what species get the furious form of rabies
cats, dogs
43
what are the histological signs of rabies
non-suppurative encephalomyelitis ganglioneuritis (babes nodules) intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
44
how is rabies diagnosed
if rabies is suspected, animal should be quarantined/euthanized, and the head removed for lab shipment on ice. Rabies diagnosis is done by the CFIA. Fresh brain tissue is stained with antibodies, and will be fluorescent if positive.
45
what vx are there for rabies
modified-live, recombinant, and inactivated.
46
vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine uses ____ virus as a vector
pox
47
what two specific ORAL rabies vx should you know that are available for wildlife?
vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus adenovirus type 5 vector, expressing rabies virus glycoprotein
48
what are the WHO guidelines for rabies control
dog movement control and quarantine mass immunization stray dog control and registration notification of suspected cases
49
how many dogs would need to be vaccinated for rabies for herd immunity to occur?
70%
50
what are core vaccines
vaccines for diseases that are widespread, cause serious illness, and/or highly contagious
51
what are the core vaccines in dogs
canine distemper infectious canine hepatitis canine parvo rabies
52
what are non-core vaccines
vaccines for diseases that pose particular risk to an individual dog
53
what are the non-core vaccines for dogs
bordetellosis canine parainfluenza leptospirosis borreliosis coronavirus
54
what are the two distinct forms of canine parvovirus (CPV)
CPV-2: pathogenic CPV-1/minute virus: nonpathogenic
55
what determines the host range in CPV?
amino acid sequences of the viral capsid
56
who is most susceptible to CPV
canids, young unvaccinated puppies, some breeds (doberman, rottweiler, staffies, german shepards), concurrent helminthic, protozoal, and bacterial infections
57
how is CPV transmitted
contact with contaminated feces -> fecal oral route indirectly with fomites
58
How does manifestation of parvovirus differ between canines and porcines
canine: lymphopenia, enteritis, neonatal myocarditis Porcine: reproductive (stillbirth, abortion, fetal death, mummification, infertility)
59
What is the pathogenesis of CPV in utero
fetus -> myocarditis to either sudden death or congestive heart failure causing death after the puppy is born
60
what is the pathogenesis of CPV in neonates
61
what is the pathogenesis of CPV postnatally
62
t/f: severity of CPV is not dose related
false. many older dogs or pups that receive low viral doses will be asymptomatic since the infection is highly dose related
63
what are clinical signs associated with CPV
diarrhea, dehydration and profound weight loss hemorrhagic intestinal serosal surface
64
t/f: unlike most other DNA viruses, parvoviruses are unable to switch on DNA syntehsis in host cells. THus, in order for viral replication to occur, the infected cells must be actively dividing
true
65
why does CPV lead to crypt necrosis
parvoviruses need to replicate in cells that actively divide. Therefore they target crypt cells and cause necrosis
66
how is CPV diagnosed
foul smelling, bloody diarrhea in pups Electromicroscopy of fecal material immunochromatography PCR
67
how is CPV prevented
vaccination (can be multivalent with distemper, adenovirus, lepto, rabies)
68
what level of titer is required to be protected against CPV
>1:40
69
the maternal antibody for CPV has a half life of:
9-10 days
70
when should you vaccinate for CPV
from 9 weeks to 16-20 weeks, 2-3 weeks apart.
71
When is the window of susceptibility for CPV
ages 9-12 weeks, because maternal antibodies have dropped below a level needed for protection, and the puppies own antibodies have not yet reached the level needed for protection
72
what type of virus is a canine coronavirus (CCoV)
+ ssRNA, enveloped
73
what are the clinical signs of pantropic CCoV
fever, lethargy, hemorrhagic diarrhea, severe lymphopenia, neurological signs
74
transmission of enteric CCoV
highly contagious. incubation period is 1-3 days. infected dogs shed for 6-9 days, but can shed up to 6 months. Fecal oral.
75
what is the pathogenesis of enteric CCoV
targets mature enterocytes on the villi of the intestine. the tip epithelium is replaced by non-functional low columnar to cuboidal epithelium, rendering them nonfunctional. leads to fusion of villi, villus atrophy and deepening of the crypts
76
t/f: CPV susceptibility increased with enteric CCoV infection
true
77
what are the several co-circulating genotypes of canine distemper based on
H - gene variation
78
if host immunity is inadequate (poor antibody response), what will happen to a dog with canine distemper viremia?
widespread invasion of all epithelial tissues and CNS. This can either lead to a severe or mild systemic response, depending on the extent of the antibody response. regardess, if the animal survives, it will show CNS signs.
79
if host immunity is adequate (good antibody response) and a dog is infected with canine distemper, what will happen?
virus may enter the CNS, but the good antibody response will result in a low chance of CNS signs.

VETM 422: Virology (20 decks)

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