feline viral diseases 1 - Aimee Flashcards
What is another name for feline herpesvirus?
Rhinotracheitis
What is the order of FHV?
Herpesvirales
What is the family of FHV?
Herpesviridae
What is the subfamily of FHV?
Alphaherpesvirinae
What is the genus of FHV?
Varicellovirus
What type of virus is FHV?
Double stranded DNA virus.
Describe the transmission of FHV.
- The virus is shed in large quantities by an acutely infected cat, which can lead to further infection of susceptible, non-immune cats.
- Acutely infected cats will become clinically healthy and latent infection develops in the trigeminal ganglion.
- The virus can be reactivated in carrier cats due to stress or glucocorticoid treatment. These cats will shed the virus again and may or may not have clinical signs.
What is the incubation of FHV?
2-6 days.
After what time period does the cat become clinically healthy after infection with FHV-1?
2-3 weeks
Where does latent infection of FHV develop?
Trigeminal ganglion
How long does the virus shed for when reactivated in carrier cats?
1-13 days
What are the clinical manifestations of acute FHV?
- Sneezing
- Nasal discharge
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
- Serous discharge
Pathology:
- Rhinitis
- Conjunctivitis
What are atypical clinical manifestations of acute FHV?
- Ulcerated and crust forming lesions on the face and nose.
- Severe systemic signs
- Coughing
- Death
Pathology:
- Dermatitis
- Viremia
- Pneumonia
What are the main clinical manifestations of chronic FHV?
- Corneal edema, vascularization, blindness
- Chronic sneezing and nasal discharge
Pathology:
- Stromal keratitis
- Chronic rhinosinusitis
What is the family and genus of FCV?
Family: Caliciviridae
Genus: Vesivirus
What genome does FCV have?
Small ss positive sense RNA
How is FCV predominantly shed?
Oral and nasal secretions
When do infected cats stop shedding FCV?
Cats usually shed at least 30 days post-infection but can be for a few years or life long
What are clinical outcomes of FCV infection?
- Acute oral and upper respiratory tract disease
- Feline chronic ginvigostomatitis (FCGS)
- Limping syndrome
- Paw and mouth disease
- Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection (VS-FCV)
What are the clinical signs associated with oral and respiratory disease caused by FCV?
- Usually co-infections
- Oral ulceration, sneezing and serous nasal discharge are the main signs
- Fever
- Anorexia
- Hypersalivation due to oral erosion (sometimes)
How long does it take for oral and respiratory signs of FCV to resolve?
Usually resolve after a few days
What treatment is done for FCV?
Only symptomatic treatment is needed.
FCV is more severe in which animals?
Young cats
Describe feline chronic gingivostomatitis.
- Caudal stomatitis or mucositis
- Faucitis in the lateral walls in the lateral walls of the oropharynx
- Inflammation can extend to alveolar mucosa (alveolar mucositis) and cheek mucosa (buccal mucositis)
What must be identified to diagnose FCGS?
Caudal stomatitis
What is FCV limping syndrome?
Lameness that shifts between limbs associated with acute viremia and the localization of the virus or immune complexes in joints. Can occur following vaccination (can be co-incidence)
How long does limping syndrome last?
24-48 hours
What are the clinical signs associated with VS-FCV?
- Facial edema (vasculitis)
- Hair loss
What is the mortality of VS-FCV?
High mortality (70%)
Are FCV vaccines protective against VS-FCV?
No, its caused by a different calicivirus.
Where is paw and mouth disease found?
Australia.
Its rare and caused by FCV.
What type of virus is feline panleukopenia virus?
It’s a parvovirus.
Non-enveloped small single stranded DNA virus.
Where does FPV replicate?
In lymphoid tissues and other rapidly dividing cells.
(thymus, spleen, bone marrow, intestine, embryonic tissue)
Where can the FPV antigen be found after intrauterine infection and what does this cause?
Can be found in the cerebellum of kittens for weeks which leads to ataxia.
What strategy does FPV use?
Hit and run strategy. Persistent infections and persistent shedding are rare.
Is FPV environmentally stable?
YESSSSS very it remains infectious for at least 6months.
What are the clinical signs associated with FPV?
- Enteritis/intestinal damage
- Major dehydration
- Cerebellar hypoplasia (ataxia)
- Infertility, fetal death
Infection during which time period can lead to cerebellar hypoplasia?
Late gestation or early neonatal (2-3 weeks).
What are some other viruses that can infect cats (incidental finds)?
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), cats can get it from chickens/turkeys
- Cowpox virus, transmission occurs through rodents (outdoor cats mostly), mainly in Europe, zoonotic infection, leads to resp infection in cats with skin lesions
- Sars-CoV-2, human to cat and cat to cat transmission, no remarkable clinical signs
