feline viral diseases 1 - Aimee

Question 1

What is another name for feline herpesvirus?

Answer 1

Rhinotracheitis

Question 2

What is the order of FHV?

Answer 2

Herpesvirales

Question 3

What is the family of FHV?

Answer 3

Herpesviridae

Question 4

What is the subfamily of FHV?

Answer 4

Alphaherpesvirinae

Question 5

What is the genus of FHV?

Answer 5

Varicellovirus

Question 6

What type of virus is FHV?

Answer 6

Double stranded DNA virus.

Question 7

Describe the transmission of FHV.

Answer 7

• The virus is shed in large quantities by an acutely infected cat, which can lead to further infection of susceptible, non-immune cats.
• Acutely infected cats will become clinically healthy and latent infection develops in the trigeminal ganglion.
• The virus can be reactivated in carrier cats due to stress or glucocorticoid treatment. These cats will shed the virus again and may or may not have clinical signs.

Question 8

What is the incubation of FHV?

Answer 8

2-6 days.

Question 9

After what time period does the cat become clinically healthy after infection with FHV-1?

Answer 9

2-3 weeks

Question 10

Where does latent infection of FHV develop?

Answer 10

Trigeminal ganglion

Question 11

How long does the virus shed for when reactivated in carrier cats?

Answer 11

1-13 days

Question 12

What are the clinical manifestations of acute FHV?

Answer 12

• Sneezing
• Nasal discharge
• Conjunctival hyperaemia
• Serous discharge

Pathology:
- Rhinitis
- Conjunctivitis

Question 13

What are atypical clinical manifestations of acute FHV?

Answer 13

• Ulcerated and crust forming lesions on the face and nose.
• Severe systemic signs
• Coughing
• Death

Pathology:
- Dermatitis
- Viremia
- Pneumonia

Question 14

What are the main clinical manifestations of chronic FHV?

Answer 14

• Corneal edema, vascularization, blindness
• Chronic sneezing and nasal discharge

Pathology:
- Stromal keratitis
- Chronic rhinosinusitis

Question 15

What is the family and genus of FCV?

Answer 15

Family: Caliciviridae
Genus: Vesivirus

Question 16

What genome does FCV have?

Answer 16

Small ss positive sense RNA

Question 17

How is FCV predominantly shed?

Answer 17

Oral and nasal secretions

Question 18

When do infected cats stop shedding FCV?

Answer 18

Cats usually shed at least 30 days post-infection but can be for a few years or life long

Question 19

What are clinical outcomes of FCV infection?

Answer 19

• Acute oral and upper respiratory tract disease
• Feline chronic ginvigostomatitis (FCGS)
• Limping syndrome
• Paw and mouth disease
• Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection (VS-FCV)

Question 20

What are the clinical signs associated with oral and respiratory disease caused by FCV?

Answer 20

• Usually co-infections
• Oral ulceration, sneezing and serous nasal discharge are the main signs
• Fever
• Anorexia
• Hypersalivation due to oral erosion (sometimes)

Question 21

How long does it take for oral and respiratory signs of FCV to resolve?

Answer 21

Usually resolve after a few days

Question 22

What treatment is done for FCV?

Answer 22

Only symptomatic treatment is needed.

Question 23

FCV is more severe in which animals?

Answer 23

Young cats

Question 24

Describe feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

Answer 24

• Caudal stomatitis or mucositis
• Faucitis in the lateral walls in the lateral walls of the oropharynx
• Inflammation can extend to alveolar mucosa (alveolar mucositis) and cheek mucosa (buccal mucositis)

Question 25

What must be identified to diagnose FCGS?

Answer 25

Caudal stomatitis

Question 26

What is FCV limping syndrome?

Answer 26

Lameness that shifts between limbs associated with acute viremia and the localization of the virus or immune complexes in joints. Can occur following vaccination (can be co-incidence)

Question 27

How long does limping syndrome last?

Answer 27

24-48 hours

Question 28

What are the clinical signs associated with VS-FCV?

Answer 28

• Facial edema (vasculitis)
• Hair loss

Question 29

What is the mortality of VS-FCV?

Answer 29

High mortality (70%)

Question 30

Are FCV vaccines protective against VS-FCV?

Answer 30

No, its caused by a different calicivirus.

Question 31

Where is paw and mouth disease found?

Answer 31

Australia.

Its rare and caused by FCV.

Question 32

What type of virus is feline panleukopenia virus?

Answer 32

It’s a parvovirus.

Non-enveloped small single stranded DNA virus.

Question 33

Where does FPV replicate?

Answer 33

In lymphoid tissues and other rapidly dividing cells.

(thymus, spleen, bone marrow, intestine, embryonic tissue)

Question 34

Where can the FPV antigen be found after intrauterine infection and what does this cause?

Answer 34

Can be found in the cerebellum of kittens for weeks which leads to ataxia.

Question 35

What strategy does FPV use?

Answer 35

Hit and run strategy. Persistent infections and persistent shedding are rare.

Question 36

Is FPV environmentally stable?

Answer 36

YESSSSS very it remains infectious for at least 6months.

Question 37

What are the clinical signs associated with FPV?

Answer 37

• Enteritis/intestinal damage
• Major dehydration
• Cerebellar hypoplasia (ataxia)
• Infertility, fetal death

Question 38

Infection during which time period can lead to cerebellar hypoplasia?

Answer 38

Late gestation or early neonatal (2-3 weeks).

Question 39

What are some other viruses that can infect cats (incidental finds)?

Answer 39

• Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), cats can get it from chickens/turkeys
• Cowpox virus, transmission occurs through rodents (outdoor cats mostly), mainly in Europe, zoonotic infection, leads to resp infection in cats with skin lesions
• Sars-CoV-2, human to cat and cat to cat transmission, no remarkable clinical signs