FEEDBACK Flashcards
What are the types of feedback?
- Intrinsic
- Extrinsic
- Positive
- Negative
- Knowledge of performance
- Knowledge of results.
What is intrinsic feedback?
- Intrinsic feedback is from internal proprioceptors about the feel of the movement, kinaesthesis is involved
E.g. the feeling in cricket of whether you have hit the ball in the middle of the bat
What are the advantages and disadvantages of intrinsic feedback?
Advantages:
- Readily available so movements can be corrected or altered immediately
- Performer does not have to rely on others
Disadvantages:
1. If in the cognitive stage, performer may not be able to interpret info correctly and performance will deteriorate.
What is extrinsic feedback?
- Extrinsic feedback is from external sources such as a coach, received by visual and auditory systems, used to improve intrinsic feedback
E.g. the coach saying ‘you need to point your toes in the pike jump’.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of extrinsic feedback?
Advantages:
1. Coach can give points that may lead to improvements
Disadvantages:
- Inaccurate feedback can negatively affect performance.
- If source is unreliable, motivation can drop
- Does not encourage kinaesthetic awareness.
What is positive feedback?
- Positive feedback is received when movement is successful and this reinforces learning
E.g. a badminton coach praises the learner when they perform a short serve correctly.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of positive feedback?
Advantages:
- Can lead to positive reinforcement and forms S-R bond
- Very motivating
- Helps build self-esteem and confidence
Disadvantages:
- If undeserved, performer may build up inappropriate S-R bonds, performance may deteriorate
- Some do not respond well to too much praise and may ignore feedback.
What is negative feedback?
- Negative feedback is information received when the movement is incorrect, used to make it successful the next time
What are the advantages and disadvantages of negative feedback?
Advantages:
- Some performers are motivated by negative feedback, resulting in increased determination
- Allows perform to be clear which aspects need improvement
- Best suited to autonomous learners who require skill refinement
Disadvantages:
- Can be demotivating, especially for cognitive learners
- Can be detrimental if feedback is inaccurate.
What is knowledge of performance?
- Knowledge of performance concerns the movement itself and the quality of it
- Normally comes from external sources but can be internal arising from kinaesthetic awareness
- It can come from a coach, explaining what went well and what didn’t
- It can also come from a video recording or the feeling of a movement.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge of performance?
Advantages:
- Allows performer to know what good performance feels like
- Can motivate performer
Disadvantages:
1. Can demotivate if performer is unsuccessful
What is knowledge of results?
- Knowledge of results is feedback about the outcome of movements
- E.g. observing whether the shot went in the basket
- It is important in improving the next performance of the movement
- It can be positive or negative.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge of results?
Advantages:
- Allows performer to see the outcome of their action
- Can motivate performer
Disadvantages:
1. Can demotivate if performer is unsuccessful.
What should be considered to ensure feedback is effective?
- Feedback should correspond to skill level of the performer
- Limit amount of information given
- Feedback should be given immediately or ASAP
- Feedback should relate to the individual
- Try to facilitate kinaesthesis/internal feedback.
