Feed & water related toxicants: Water deprivation-Na+ Dr. Shokry

Question 1

Source of water deprivation Na ion toxicosis

Answer 1

Ingestion of salt licks All factors that cause excess sodium & H2O deprivation: Overcrowding Frozen water Unpalatable (medicated) water lack of water

Question 2

Properties of salt

Answer 2

taste is attractive to animals mild irritant effect on mucous membranes

Question 3

Toxicity of salt

Answer 3

Animals can tolerate more than 10% salt in feed if they have free access to water! -normal quantity is .5-1% in feed Pigs, cattle & poultry are most susceptible Not really a dog dz, dogs are lest susceptible

Question 4

toxicokinetics of sodium toxicosis

Answer 4

rapidly absorbed from GI tract & distributed allover enters brain by passive diffusion & removed by active transport

Question 5

MoA of sodium toxicosis

Answer 5

CNS dz

High sodium in brain inhibits anaerobic glycolysis resulting in lack of energy necessary for active transport of sodium⇒ cerebral edema

Question 6

CS of sodium toxicosis

Answer 6

early constipation & thirst

polyuria→oliguria→anuria

Intermittent seizures, not elicitable by external stimuli

circling, pivoting, head-pressing

blindness & deafness

inability to eat or drink or even recognize the feed or H2O

Poultry only show depression, ascites & collapse

Question 7

Lesion in salt toxicosis

Answer 7

Gastric congestion or inflammation w// pinpoint ulcers

prominent cerebral edema (gross lesions)

Histopathologically, eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

pathognomonic in pigs only if animal dies early (w/i 24 hrs)

Question 8

Lab diagnosis

Answer 8

Serum & CSF (ocular fluid best) Na conc >160mEg/L

Brain conc >2000ppm support dx

salt in feed

Question 9

Ddx

Answer 9

encephalitic dx

chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides

Pseudorabies

Question 10

Tx

Px

Answer 10

small amts of fresh H2O gradually oveer 2-3 days

IVF (5% dex) & furosemide in SA

POOR

mortality 50% w/ CS seen