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My 2016 RUSVM Toxicology > Clicker questions > Flashcards

Clicker questions Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapy is contraindicated

A

Carbaryl

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3
Q

Naphthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs

A

Oxidative

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4
Q

Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self decontamination

A

CRTZ (vomiting center)

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5
Q

IV _____ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly lipophilic toxins

A

Lipid

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6
Q

Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism

A

Rotenone

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7
Q

Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels

A

Knockdown

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8
Q

Acidification of urine can ________ excretion of nicotine

A

Increase

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9
Q

Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity

A

Methocarbamol

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10
Q

The half life of ivermectin is ______ than that of amitraz

A

Longer

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11
Q

Specific antagonist for amitraz toxicity

A

Atipamazole

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12
Q

Dose repeatedly if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling

A

Activated charcoal

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13
Q

Where most ivermectin is excreted intact

A

Feces

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14
Q

This happens to organochlorines in fat animals

A

Redistribution

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15
Q

Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin out of CNS

A

P-glycoprotein

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16
Q

Suspected to be part of D-limonene’s MoA

A

Hypotension

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17
Q

Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures present

A

Emesis

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18
Q

Organophosphate bond to AChE, different from carbamates

A

Irreversible

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19
Q

Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy

A

Nicotine

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20
Q

Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity is usually ______ than organophosphate

A

Faster

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21
Q

Naphthalene mothballs do it in saltwater

A

Float

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22
Q

Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity

A

Atropine

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23
Q

Channels that organochlorines target

A

Sodium

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24
Q

Most sensitive to pyrethrins

A

Fish

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25
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of the toxicity with ivermectin

A

GABA

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26
Q

CNS __________ is a common presenting sign of amitraz toxicity

A

Depression

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27
Q

Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrin toxicity

A

Tremors

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28
Q

Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs

A

Hypothermia

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29
Q

Very high lipophilicity of DDT has led to this in the food chain

A

Bioaccumulation

30
Q

Organochlorine toxicity usually causes ___________ of the CNS

A

Stimulation

31
Q

Clinically found in cats with naphthalene toxicity

A

Methemoglobin

32
Q

Nicotine, organophosphates & carbamates all mimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

33
Q

Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these (organs)

A

Kidneys

34
Q

These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because of their alpha-cyano group

A

Type 2

35
Q

Can greatly enhance the absorption of rotenone

A

Oils

36
Q

Increases the skins absorption of some pyrethroids (like fenvalerate)

A

DEET

37
Q

A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis

A

Seizures

38
Q

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively __________ in air and light

A

Unstable

39
Q

Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this, different from fish and insects

A

Nontoxic

40
Q

Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue confirms exposure but not toxicity

A

Fat

41
Q

With organophosphates this kind of polyneuropathy is sometimes seen

A

Delayed

42
Q

Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide

A

Pyrethrum

43
Q

Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Muscarinic

44
Q

With nicotine toxicity a _______ urine pH will reduce excretion

A

High

45
Q

D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel or treat this parasite

A

Flea

46
Q

Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate that requires this for toxicity

A

Bioactivation

47
Q

Dichlorvos is unique among OPs in that it can do this in fat

A

Sequester

48
Q

Late stages and ultimate death with OP and CM toxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors

A

Blockade

49
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with this product

A

d-limonene

50
Q

If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of CNS depression, hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this

A

Citrus

51
Q

A RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalene toxicity

A

Heinz body

52
Q

Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion

A

Rotenone

53
Q

Piperonyl butoxide is often added to pyrethroids to do this to their metabolism

A

Slow

54
Q

Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity

A

Cat

55
Q

An excitatory neurotoxin in dogs and cats for which the MoA has not been determined

A

DEET

56
Q

Organophosphates may undergo storage _________ but carbamates do not

A

Activation

57
Q

Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure

A

Rapid

58
Q

P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keep ivermectin out of the CNS

A

Efflux

59
Q

Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to the toxin’s effects on insulin

A

Hyperglycemia

60
Q

Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common cause for this toxicity

A

Pyrethroid

61
Q

Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading to partial depolarization of nerves is the main MoA of what toxin group

A

Organochlorine

62
Q

Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity because of the feature of the toxin

A

Lipophilicity

63
Q

Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effective

A

Reversible

64
Q

Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants you may see CNS ___________

A

Depression

65
Q

A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone

A

Inhalation

66
Q

A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane) which can affect this gland

A

Adrenal

67
Q

Functional adaptation and receptor down-regulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures

A

Tolerance

68
Q

Decontamination therapy for d-limonene exposure usually will involve this

A

Bathing

69
Q

Has a very long half-life (years) in soil

A

DDT

70
Q

Organophosphates that require lethal synthesis are generally _______ toxic to very young animals

A

Less

71
Q

Minimum number of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5kg dog if ingested

A

One!

My 2016 RUSVM Toxicology (34 decks)

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