Clicker questions

Question 2

Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapy is contraindicated

Answer 2

Carbaryl

Question 3

Naphthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs

Answer 3

Oxidative

Question 4

Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self decontamination

Answer 4

CRTZ (vomiting center)

Question 5

IV _____ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly lipophilic toxins

Answer 5

Lipid

Question 6

Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism

Answer 6

Rotenone

Question 7

Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels

Answer 7

Knockdown

Question 8

Acidification of urine can ________ excretion of nicotine

Answer 8

Increase

Question 9

Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity

Answer 9

Methocarbamol

Question 10

The half life of ivermectin is ______ than that of amitraz

Answer 10

Longer

Question 11

Specific antagonist for amitraz toxicity

Answer 11

Atipamazole

Question 12

Dose repeatedly if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling

Answer 12

Activated charcoal

Question 13

Where most ivermectin is excreted intact

Answer 13

Feces

Question 14

This happens to organochlorines in fat animals

Answer 14

Redistribution

Question 15

Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin out of CNS

Answer 15

P-glycoprotein

Question 16

Suspected to be part of D-limonene’s MoA

Answer 16

Hypotension

Question 17

Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures present

Answer 17

Emesis

Question 18

Organophosphate bond to AChE, different from carbamates

Answer 18

Irreversible

Question 19

Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy

Answer 19

Nicotine

Question 20

Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity is usually ______ than organophosphate

Answer 20

Faster

Question 21

Naphthalene mothballs do it in saltwater

Answer 21

Float

Question 22

Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity

Answer 22

Atropine

Question 23

Channels that organochlorines target

Answer 23

Sodium

Question 24

Most sensitive to pyrethrins

Answer 24

Fish

Question 25

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of the toxicity with ivermectin

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

CNS __________ is a common presenting sign of amitraz toxicity

Answer 26

Depression

Question 27

Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrin toxicity

Answer 27

Tremors

Question 28

Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs

Answer 28

Hypothermia

Question 29

Very high lipophilicity of DDT has led to this in the food chain

Answer 29

Bioaccumulation

Question 30

Organochlorine toxicity usually causes ___________ of the CNS

Answer 30

Stimulation

Question 31

Clinically found in cats with naphthalene toxicity

Answer 31

Methemoglobin

Question 32

Nicotine, organophosphates & carbamates all mimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter

Answer 32

Acetylcholine

Question 33

Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these (organs)

Answer 33

Kidneys

Question 34

These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because of their alpha-cyano group

Answer 34

Type 2

Question 35

Can greatly enhance the absorption of rotenone

Answer 35

Oils

Question 36

Increases the skins absorption of some pyrethroids (like fenvalerate)

Answer 36

DEET

Question 37

A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis

Answer 37

Seizures

Question 38

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively __________ in air and light

Answer 38

Unstable

Question 39

Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this, different from fish and insects

Answer 39

Nontoxic

Question 40

Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue confirms exposure but not toxicity

Answer 40

Fat

Question 41

With organophosphates this kind of polyneuropathy is sometimes seen

Answer 41

Delayed

Question 42

Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide

Answer 42

Pyrethrum

Question 43

Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 43

Muscarinic

Question 44

With nicotine toxicity a _______ urine pH will reduce excretion

Answer 44

High

Question 45

D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel or treat this parasite

Answer 45

Flea

Question 46

Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate that requires this for toxicity

Answer 46

Bioactivation

Question 47

Dichlorvos is unique among OPs in that it can do this in fat

Answer 47

Sequester

Question 48

Late stages and ultimate death with OP and CM toxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors

Answer 48

Blockade

Question 49

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with this product

Answer 49

d-limonene

Question 50

If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of CNS depression, hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this

Answer 50

Citrus

Question 51

A RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalene toxicity

Answer 51

Heinz body

Question 52

Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion

Answer 52

Rotenone

Question 53

Piperonyl butoxide is often added to pyrethroids to do this to their metabolism

Answer 53

Slow

Question 54

Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity

Answer 54

Cat

Question 55

An excitatory neurotoxin in dogs and cats for which the MoA has not been determined

Answer 55

DEET

Question 56

Organophosphates may undergo storage _________ but carbamates do not

Answer 56

Activation

Question 57

Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure

Answer 57

Rapid

Question 58

P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keep ivermectin out of the CNS

Answer 58

Efflux

Question 59

Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to the toxin's effects on insulin

Answer 59

Hyperglycemia

Question 60

Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common cause for this toxicity

Answer 60

Pyrethroid

Question 61

Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading to partial depolarization of nerves is the main MoA of what toxin group

Answer 61

Organochlorine

Question 62

Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity because of the feature of the toxin

Answer 62

Lipophilicity

Question 63

Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effective

Answer 63

Reversible

Question 64

Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants you may see CNS \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 64

Depression

Question 65

A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone

Answer 65

Inhalation

Question 66

A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane) which can affect this gland

Answer 66

Adrenal

Question 67

Functional adaptation and receptor down-regulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures

Answer 67

Tolerance

Question 68

Decontamination therapy for d-limonene exposure usually will involve this

Answer 68

Bathing

Question 69

Has a very long half-life (years) in soil

Answer 69

DDT

Question 70

Organophosphates that require lethal synthesis are generally _______ toxic to very young animals

Answer 70

Less

Question 71

Minimum number of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5kg dog if ingested

Answer 71

One!