Feed classification and quality

Question 1

Food cycle is defined as

Answer 1

a description of how nutrients enter the food chain and get transferred from one organism to another

Question 2

How many things do the usage of feedstuff depend on

Answer 2

5 things

Question 3

What are the five things usage of feedstuffs depend on

Answer 3

*the cost of ingredient - the seller has to be able to make a profit to stay in business
*palatability - can be hard to measure; the animals have to like to eat it (this includes the taste and the texture; for ex. if rocks smelled and tasted good we would still not eat them due to poor texture)
*available nutrients - some nutrients are “tied up” in feeds and are therefore not available to the particular animal (species) that is attempting to digest and absorb them (think about lettuce … can a human get the same nutrients from lettuce that a rabbit does?)
*absence of toxins - is anything within the feed dangerous or problematic?
*handling/mixing properties - the mill has to be able to create the feed; for example high fat diets are often more sticky and can be troublesome for milling some foods

Question 4

Nutrition requirements depend on what?

Answer 4

age, species, performance… etc

Question 5

What are animal feed classification?

Answer 5

Roughages
mineral supplements
concentration feedstuff
vitamin supplements
feed additives

Question 6

Roughages include…

Answer 6

all types of forages and other high-fiber feeds or parts of feeds

Question 7

Concentration feedstuff are

Answer 7

high energy or high protein feed (some feeds are high in both)

Question 8

Qualities of high energy

Answer 8

low in fiber
high in energy (calories)
less than 20% crude protein
contain starch (grains, tubers) or lipid (fats, oils). (some feeds contain sugars)

Question 9

Qualities of high protein foods

Answer 9

contain at least 20% crude protein (P)
P from plant sources is not as high in quality as P from animal sources
some feeds in this category may contain no true P!
“non-protein nitrogen” can be used by rumen microbes to make P the animal can use
low in fiber; most are also high in energy

Question 10

Mineral supplements are

Answer 10

nutrients that provide no energy (calories) and no protein for the animal

Question 11

Vitamin supplements are

Answer 11

another nutrient that provide no energy (calories) or protein for the animal. Can come in a pre-mix for livestock

Question 12

Carrier for vitamin supplements

Answer 12

rice hulls

Question 13

feed additives are

Answer 13

have no nutritional value, they are added because they have economic value

Question 14

Feed additives provide:

Answer 14

health value, such as dewormers or medications
palatability enhancement (making feed taste better)
coloring (color agents make feed look more appealing to the consumer or the owner)