Diet Formulation Flashcards
What is diet formulation?
The matching the animals nutritional requirements with the nutirents provided by the feed.
What is the most common method of diet formulation?
Formulation of feed to one or two ingredients and adding other feeds to provide other nutrients.
Bacteria Definition
microscopic cells that are present almost everywhere
Fixed-cost formulation definition
a diet formulation procedure that produces a diet that never changes content
irradiation definition
the process of radiating the meat with gamma and x-rays to destroy disease causing pathogens
least-cost formulation definition
a diet formulation procedure that produces a diet that provides for the nutritional needs of the animal in the most cost-effective manner
maximun profit formulation definition
a diet formulation procedure that produces a diet that does not compromise on the quality of feeds in providing for the nutritional needs of the animal. Diet insure farmer profit in long run
premix definition
a combination of feeds that is added to a diet lacking in certain nutrients
What is needed to be known in order to formulate the diet of a particular animal?
the animal’s nutritional requirements and the nutritional content of the feed
About how much does it cost to chevk the sample feed for the basic vitamins and minerals?
About five dollars
What is the first step in diet formulation?
formulate feed to one nutrient
what is the second step in diet formulation?
determine quality of feed needed to provide for other required nutrients
When is fixed cost diet normally used?
For companion animals not livestock
What are possible down falls to a least cost diet?
It maybe less digestible, palatable, or even less researched.
Why is maximum profit diet not very popular?
Difficult to use. Requires data that is hard to collect.
What do premixes normally include?
vitamins and minerals. But this may also include other nutrients
What does FSIS stand for?
Food safety and inspection service.
What is the FSIS do?
Responsible for ensuring the safety of meat products
What are the categories of microbes?
Yeast
mold
bacteria: pathogens, spoilage, starter cultures
others: protozoa, parasites, virus
What is foodnet and what do they do?
Foodnet: researches and follows potential foodborne diseases
They rank disease causing microbes
What was the Jack in the Box disaster?
E. Coli breakout in january of 1993
Jack in the box disaster changed the food industry how?
By leading to more guidelines for the cooking of meat.
What are some sources of microbial contamination?
Slaughter process contributions: hide, hair, feathers
Sources of fecal contamination
Unhygienic processing equipment
Post-processing contamination
What are some sources of fecal contamination?
viscera contents
hooves/feet
environmental contributions
What are some sources of unhygenic processing equipment?
Lack of pre-operational and operational sanitation
Poor hygiene of food handling workers
Fecal contamination
Airborne contamination
Water contamination
Rodent / insect contamination
What are some Post-processing contamination?
Humans
Equipment
Environment: water, air, packaging, etc.
Plant modification
What are some major factors affecting growth of bacteria?
Temperature
time
oxygen
nutrients
ingerdients
microbial interactions
pH
new technologies
