FEATURES OF SCIENCE Flashcards

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1
Q

fEATURES OF SCIENCE

A
  1. empirical methods
  2. objectivity
    3.replicability
  3. falisifiability
  4. paradigm and paradigm shift
  5. theory construction and hypothesis testing
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2
Q

empirical methods

A
  • information is gained through direct observation.
    includes data collected from observations, but also from experiments, case studies and content analysis.
  • empirical testing as people can claim anything.
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3
Q

objectivity

A
  • the idea that the dependent variable is not affected or biased by researchers opinions or expectations.
  • research affected by bias produce subjective conclusions
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4
Q

how can we improve objectivity

A
  • systematic data collecting = data is collected very care fully and made consistent for each participants - questionnaires or experimental procedures should be carefully designed and the observer can also use already established questions or tests
  • by double blind study - researcher doesnt know the aim collects the data.
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5
Q

replicability

A
  • scientists need to carefully collect their data and use standarised procedures ao that other scienmtists can repeat their experiment and observations.
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6
Q

falsifiability

A
  • ability to prove a hypothesis wrong.
  • popper example : no matter the number of white swans we see, we cannot claim that all swans are white.
  • therefore research is started with a null hypothesis which can be rejected with reasonable certainty , never with absolute certainty.
  • for a theory to be scientific, it needs to be constructed in a way it is empirically tested, it can be tested in a way which demonstrates its not true.
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7
Q

paradigm

A
  • scientists within a scientific field share a set of established assumptions which is what we call a paradigm.
  • the movement to a new paradigm is called a paradigm shift
  • example of solar system by copernicus
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8
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A
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