DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Flashcards

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1
Q

Descriptive stattistics

A
  1. measures of central tendency - mean, median and mode
  2. measures of dispersion - range and standar deviation
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2
Q

mode

A

most frequent score in qualitative data set.
if there are two modes data is bimodal

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3
Q

strenghts of using mode

A
  • mode is not distorted by extreme scores called outliers
  • ## mode is more helpful for discrete numbers easy to say 2 than saying 1.89
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4
Q

limitations of using mode

A
  • mode doesnt include all the values in the calculation
  • there can be no mode if every value is different or multiple mode , mode doesnt give an exact average value.
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5
Q

median

A

middle score when the data is put in order

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6
Q

strenghts of using median

A
  1. quick and easy to calulate
  2. as median is the central value, its not affected by extremely high or low scores - can be used on skewed data sets to give a representative value.
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7
Q

limitations of median

A
  • median doesnot include all the values in the calculation so its not sensitive as mean.
  • if there are even numbers, the typical value will be a number outside of recorded values.
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8
Q

mean

A

mathematical average calulated by adding all the values and then dividing by the number of values.

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9
Q

strengths of mean

A
  • all the raw data is included in the mean, so mean is the most sensitive central tendency
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10
Q

limitations of mean

A
  • due to sensitivity of the mean, its extremely distorted by outliers.
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11
Q

range

A

difference between data sets highest and lowest values.

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12
Q

strengths of range

A
  • easier to calculate as compared to the alternative standard deviation.
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13
Q

limitations of range

A

completely ignores the central vakue so can be misleading if there are extremely high or low values.

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14
Q

standard deviation

A

complex calculation which uses all the data points to produce a single value.
- small the standard deviation, less spread the values are around the mean.

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15
Q

strengths of standard deviation

A
  • all scores in set are taken into account so its more accurate than the range.
  • provides information about spread of scores.
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16
Q

limitations of standard deviation

A
  • extreme scores distorts the sd
  • sd is significantly more difficult to calculate than the range.
17
Q

advantages of correlational study

A
  • doesnt involve controlling any variables so it can be done when a controlled experiment isnot done
  • can be used to test for reliability and validity
    good reliable test will show a high correlation