DATA

Question 1

qualitative data

Answer 1

data which is in the form of words, description of behaviour thoughts and feelings
- content analysis converts large amount of qualitative data into quantitative data.

Question 1

Quantitative data

Answer 1

the data is in the form of numbers .
- recording of variables collect quantitative data
- descriptive statistics summarises quantitative data and this can be displayed on charts, bar graph etc.

Question 2

strengths of using quantitative data

Answer 2

1. objectively measured, so it reduces the likelihood of bias which thus increases scientific creditability.
2. descriptive stats allows quantitative data to be summarised and displayed on charts, graphs and tables
3. tends to be more reliable because there is a limited number of response, higher chance of getting same findings if the study is repeated.

Question 3

limitations of using quantitative data

Answer 3

• data lacks detail and depth
• only focuses on individual behaviours and what can be mathematically measured.

Question 4

strenghts of qualitative data

Answer 4

• rich in depth and detail because qualitative researchers often collect more information, use of open ended questions means that participants are not limited in response they give meaning data has a higher validity.

Question 5

types of data

Answer 5

primary data and secondary data

Question 6

primary data

Answer 6

first hand or original data, data which is collected by the researcher.
-primary data is created to answer the research question.
- primary data is commonly collected through the researcher conducting experiments, observations, case studies and interviews.

Question 7

secondary data

Answer 7

• researcher uses the information previously collected by a third hand party example another researcher or an organisation.
  examples : government or business statistics.

Question 8

advantages of primary data

Answer 8

• increases validity as the data is collected to answer a research question. the experiment or observation is designed to test the intended variable.
• increases validity as the researcher carefully controls the data collecting process.

Question 9

disadvantages of primary data

Answer 9

• time consuming to collect original data from the participants and potentially expensive. cost includes paying participants for their time and setting up experiment also includes paying for materials.

Question 10

advantages of secondary data

Answer 10

• the data has already been collected and analysed so it reduces both time and cost for conducting the experiment and paying the participants.

Question 11

disadvantages of secondary data

Answer 11

• decreases validity as the data is not directly collected to answer the researchers question and may not be appropriate to answer the question.
• researcher has no role in data collection process so cannot ensure if data is bias free.

Question 12

meta analysis

Answer 12

when a researcher collects the results of a range of previously conducted different studies, in which all the results from different studies are statistically combined to form an overall conclusion.

Question 13

strengths of meta analysis

Answer 13

• because a large sample size is used, meta analysis produces results that are more statistically significant than studies using a small sample size.
• increased generalisability as a large sample is used.

Question 14

limitations of meta analysis

Answer 14

• file drawer problem may be presented where researcher intentionally doesnot publish all the relevant data from the syufy but lefts out the negative result giving a false representation of what the investigator was measuring
• same disadvantages as secondary data.