Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

Question 1

What types of cells does FA-synthesis occur?

Answer 1

Liver cells and adipose cells

Question 2

Where in the cell does FA synthesis occur?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the initial pre-cursor for FA synthesis

Answer 3

Acetyl CoA (shuttled from matrix to cytoplasm by combining with OAA to form citrate).

Question 4

Malonyl-CoA

Answer 4

Formed via Acetyl-CoA carbolase and ATP.

Primary building block in FA biosynthesis

Presence Blocks FA-oxidation by antagonizing the carnations shuttle pathway

Question 5

ATP-citrate lyase

Answer 5

Cleaves acetyl-CoA from citrate (its carrier molecule from the matrix to the cytoplasm)

Malate is also formed and gets regenerated into pyruvate for CTC

Question 6

3 fatty acrylic-CoA can form what?

Answer 6

Triglycerides

Question 7

Triglycerides and FA synthesis occurs under what conditions?

Answer 7

Hyperglycemia (to much free glucose and Acetyl CoA)

Question 8

Lipoprotein

Answer 8

Carrier molecules of triglycerides. Allows triglycerides to move from liver cells to blood stream and ultimately to adipose tissues if not used.

-VLDL- transfers fatty acids to adipose cells in the presence of excess acetyl-CoA

Question 9

3 key products in acetyl-CoA indirect shuttle

Answer 9

Citrate (6C)
OAA (4C)
Pyruvate (4C)

Question 10

Rate-limiting step of FA-synthesis?

Answer 10

Ace-CoA carboxylase forming Malonyl-CoA

• inhibited by glycogen
• activated by insulin

Question 11

Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)

Answer 11

Main catalysis of FA-synthesis

Uses NADPH to take 2 C from malonyl-CoA to help form a fatty acid

• almost always produces palmityl-CoA