Fats Flashcards
How are lipids extracted/ separated
Dissolved in non-polar organic solvents
What chemical class do lipids belong to
Esters
What does ‘lipids’ include
Fats, oils and steroid hormones
What is the difference between fats and oils
Fats are solid and oils are liquid at room temp
What is the similarity of fats and oils
Chemically the same
What are lipids used for
Concentrated energy source, provide thermal insulation, compartmentalise cells and organelles, act as chemical messengers
What are lipids
Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What 4 groups can lipids be classified into
Fatty acids, FA derivatives, cholesterol and its derivative and lipoproteins
What is the gender structure of a fatty acid
Methyl group, hydrocarbon chain and carboxylic acid group
Which component of the fatty acid is hydrophobic
The methyl group
Which component of the fatty acid is hydrophilic
The carboxylic acid group
What is the function of the hydroxyl in the carboxylic acid group on a FA
enables the FA acid to form ester bonds with other compounds
What is the range of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
Anything between 2 and 24 carbon atoms
How many carbon carbon double bonds are in saturated fatty acids
None
How many carbon carbon double bonds are in monounsaturated fatty acids hydrocarbon chain
One
How many carbon carbon double bonds are in polyunsaturated fatty acids hydrocarbon chain
2-5
How are fatty acids sub classified
Short, medium and long chain FA
Which FA type occur free
Short chain only
How can the degree of unsaturation be measured in fatty acids
The iodine value is used as iodine reacts with the double bond so the degree of unsaturation is calculated from iodine absorbed
What 2 forms can unsaturated fatty acids occur in
Cis- and trans-
What is whether an unsaturated FA being cis or trans dependent on
The position of the carbon carbon double bonds
What is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids
In cis the hydrogen atoms associated with the carbon carbon double bond are on the same side of the fatty acid so the molecule occupies more space and is more fluid due to angle produced (natural) while in trans the hydrogen atoms associated with the carbon carbon double bond are on the opposite sides so the molecule is more rigid and linear (processed)
What are th two essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acids (n-3)
How many carbon atoms and soluble carbon carbon bonds does fatty acid C18:2 have
18 carbons, 2 dd carbon bonds