Edible plants Flashcards
What are edible plants
Fruits, vegetables, flowers, seeds, nuts, cereals, pulses, herbs, spices and foods produced by processing plants
What are GM foods in the UK
Genetically modified foods, which are only authorised for sale is they are judged to not present a risk to health, mislead customers or to have less nutritional value than their non-GM counterparts part
What is gene editing
Making precise targeted changes to an organism existing DNA sequence
What type of gene editing is legal in plant breeding
DNA editing that could also be naturally produced through breeding
How are fruits classified
Matured ovary of a flower including the seeds
What are the 4 main fruit classifications
Pomes, drupes, aggregate fruits, true berries
What vitamins and minerals are most fruits important sources of
A (beta carotene), C, B vitamins, potassium and magnesium etc.
What is the plant hormones that continues fruit ripening
Ethylene
What are pomes
Pomes - Have a seed-bearing, compartmented core surrounded by a firm fleshy body.
• Example: Apples, Pears.
What are drupes
Drupes (Stone Fruits) - Contain a single stone or nut embedded in edible flesh.
• Example: Cherries, Peaches.
What are aggregate fruits
Aggregate Fruits - Develop from the merger of multiple ovaries on a single flower.
• Example: Raspberries (contain individual drupes).
What are true berries
True Berries - Have 2 or more seeds enclosed in pulp and develop from one flower with one ovary. Typically have three layers: Exocarp (outer skin), Mesocarp (fleshy middle) Endocarp (inner layer)
• Example: Grapes, Tomatoes, gooseberries, bananas
What are vegetables
The other edible parts of a plant that aren’t fruits
What are the 4 classes of vegetables
Cruciferous, stalk, roots and tubers, bulbs
What are main vitamins/minerals in green leafy/cruciferous vegetables
Vitamin c, beta carotene, folate and iron
What are main vitamins/minerals in root vegetables
Vitamins A and B
What are main vitamins/minerals in tubers
Vitamin C, folate, thiamine
Which vegetable classification are high in protein (lysine specifically)
Legumes
What are main vitamins/minerals in legumes
Vitamin C and iron
What are phytochemicals
Non-nutritive bioactive compounds
What are the function of phytochemicals
Chemical compounds that are produced by plants to protect them against herbivores and resist fungi, bacteria and plant viruses
What physical factors of plants are phytochemicals responsible for
Colour, flavour and odour
Which phytochemical is responsible for the green colour of plants
Chlorophylls
Which phytochemical is responsible for the orange an yellow pigment in plants
Carotenoids
