Energy

Question 1

How do we measure the gross energy of food

Answer 1

Bomb calorimetry

Question 2

What is energy density

Answer 2

The energy per g of food

Question 3

What % of total energy expenditure is from physical activity

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

What percentage of TEE is from diet induced thermogenesis

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

What percentage of TEE is from our basal metabolic rate

Answer 5

65%

Question 6

What is BMR

Answer 6

The amount of energy expended while at rest inneutrally temperate environment in the post absorptive state or the amount of energy required for functioning of vital oragns

Question 7

What 3 methods can we use to measure BMR

Answer 7

Prediction equations, calorimetry, doubly labelled water (DWL)

Question 8

What is the gold standard method for measuring BMR

Answer 8

Doubly labelled water

Question 9

What two prediction equations can be used to measure BMR

Answer 9

Harris-Benedict and Henry

Question 10

What is indirect calorimetry

Answer 10

The amount of heat produced measured indirectly by measuring O2 consumed or CO2 produced

Question 11

What conditions are required for accurate indirect calorimetry

Answer 11

12 hour fast
Physical and mental rest
Comfortable and warm environment
Lying down

Question 12

What is diet induced thermogenesis

Answer 12

The energy recruited for eating/digestion/absorption/transport

Question 13

What is the most variable component of energy expenditure

Answer 13

Physical activity

Question 14

What are physical activity level (PAL) ratios

Answer 14

Multiple ratios based on activity intensity to estimate energy expenditure

Question 15

What are the 3 general PAL ratios/factors recommended by SACN for women

Answer 15

Inactive- BMR x1.4
Moderate- BMR X 1.6
Very active- BMR x1.8

Question 16

What are the 3 general PAL ratios/factors recommended by SACN for men

Answer 16

Inactive- BMR x1.4
Moderate- BMR X 1.7
Very active- BMR x1.9

Question 17

What is the SACN dietary reference values for energy

Answer 17

Men- 2500kcal/day
Women- 2000kcal/day

Question 18

What are the external regulators of energy intake

Answer 18

Palatability of food, variety, habit, psychological state, social events, resources

Question 19

What are the internal regulators of energy intake

Answer 19

Gut fill cues (Ghrelin and leptin)
Blood glucose concentration
Signals from adipose tissue

Question 20

What happens to BMR during under nutrition

Answer 20

Drops by up to 15%

Question 21

How is kcal converted to Joules

Answer 21

1kcal=4.184 kJ

Question 22

What is a calorie

Answer 22

The amount of heat energy required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree C at 15 degrees C

Question 23

What is a joule

Answer 23

The work done when a point of application of 1 newton is displaced a Diane of 1 meter in the direction of force

Question 24

What are the 4 metabolic fuels

Answer 24

Carbohydrates, fat, protein and alcohol

Question 25

How do you calculate units of alcohol

Answer 25

Volume (ml) x alcohol by volume /1000

Question 26

How many kcals in 1g of alcohol

Answer 26

7

Question 27

What is alcohol

Answer 27

Fermented yeast that reacts with sugars to produce ethanol and CO2

Question 28

What is the basic formula of ethanol

Answer 28

C2H25OH

Question 29

What is alcohol by volume (ABV)

Answer 29

The metric used to determine alcoholic content, showing % of total volume that is pure alchemy

Question 30

What is the max ABV a beverage can have to still be considered alcohol free

Answer 30

0.05% ABV

Question 31

How does bomb calorimetry measure energy density of food samples

Answer 31

Measures temperature change via heat released during combustion of sample