Fatigue & Peripheral Adaptations

Question 1

What happens to Energy System during fatigue?

Answer 1

Glycogen depletion and Hypoglycemia

Question 2

What happens to Metabolism during fatigue?

Answer 2

Accumulated H+ during increased exercise lowers pH and inhibits glycogen breakdown

Question 3

What happens to Neural System during fatigue?

Answer 3

Decreased ACh synthesis/release, H+ interfere with Ca2+ release from SR, Increased threshold of action potentials.

Question 4

What happens during Cross-Bridge Failure?

Answer 4

Inorganic Phosphate (Pi) interferes with cross-bridge cycling by getting stuck in Myosin. H+ compete with Ca2+ binding

Question 5

What does Energy Depletion dependent upon?

Answer 5

Exercise intensity & duration

Question 6

Glycogen depletion causes what?

Answer 6

Depletion of Type I / II fibers and liver Glycogen to maintain blood Glucose

Question 7

A small change in dehydration equals what?

Answer 7

Noticeable decreases in performance

Question 8

What percentage of weight loss can result in death?

Answer 8

9-12%

Question 9

Does Anaerobic training improve ATP production ability?

Answer 9

It improves Glycolytic capacity at 30 seconds, but short burst training, 6 sec., didn’t effect ATP-PCr system

Question 10

True of False: The difference in VO2 max between trained runners and untrained is mostly due to genetics.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the VO2 Values?

Answer 11

Peak, Absolute, and Relative

Question 12

What is increases Type I (slow-twitch) muscle fibers CSA?

Answer 12

Aerobic training

Question 13

What is true of Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers?

Answer 13

They have > oxidative capacity in endurance trained people

Question 14

What is it called when there’s an increased # of capillaries per muscle fiber?

Answer 14

Perfusion

Question 15

What are four Central Adaptations of Capillarization?

Answer 15

Whole body blood distribution, total blood volume, venous return, and blood pooling

Question 16

What is the “Frying Pan” analogy when referring to Mitochondria, Glucose, and Lactate?

Answer 16

Mitochondria = Frying Pans
Glucose (6C) = Onions
Lactate (3C) = Halved Onions
Pyruvate = Onions that have spilled out of frying pan, creating Lactic Acid

Question 17

Match the following:
A) Increased Mitochondrial 1) Bigger Frying Pans
B) Increased Reticular Size 2) More Frying Pans

Answer 17

A = 2

B = 1

Question 18

If Mitochondrial # and Size increase, what happens within the following:
A) Relative demand for ATP
B) Good O2 use/extraction creates what?
C) Mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity
D) Glycogen use/Lactate Ra
E) B-oxidation/Efficiency
F)Glycogen granules/Triglyceride vacuoles
G) GLUT-4 Glucose Uptake

Answer 18

A) Less relative demand
B) Increase in a-v O2 difference
C) Increased activity
D) Glycogen use & Lactate Ra = Decrease
E) B-oxidation & Efficiency = Increase
F) Granules/Vacuoles = Increase
G) Improves GLUT-4 Uptake

Question 19

Trained athletes have what advantages during exercise?

Answer 19

More O2 in muscles
Higher LT
More Mitochondria

Question 20

Bohr effect results in what?

Answer 20

Greater unloading of O2 at muscles and an increase in Myoglobin content with training.

Question 21

What is affected by the following peripheral adaptations:
A) Muscle size
B) Enzyme concentration/activity
C) Capillary density/perfusion
D) Mitochondrial mass
E) O2 content of blood
F) LT
G) VO2 max

Answer 21

A) Hypertrophy to primarily Type I fibers, Type II take on Type 1 characteristics
B) Local metabolism
C) Blood flow
D) Metabolic efficiency (15-30%)
E) RBC + Hb/Mb
F) Increased VO2 max as a %, shifts to right on graph
G) Increases

Question 22

What is the key to training?

Answer 22

Improving VO2 Max