Fatigue & Peripheral Adaptations Flashcards
What happens to Energy System during fatigue?
Glycogen depletion and Hypoglycemia
What happens to Metabolism during fatigue?
Accumulated H+ during increased exercise lowers pH and inhibits glycogen breakdown
What happens to Neural System during fatigue?
Decreased ACh synthesis/release, H+ interfere with Ca2+ release from SR, Increased threshold of action potentials.
What happens during Cross-Bridge Failure?
Inorganic Phosphate (Pi) interferes with cross-bridge cycling by getting stuck in Myosin. H+ compete with Ca2+ binding
What does Energy Depletion dependent upon?
Exercise intensity & duration
Glycogen depletion causes what?
Depletion of Type I / II fibers and liver Glycogen to maintain blood Glucose
A small change in dehydration equals what?
Noticeable decreases in performance
What percentage of weight loss can result in death?
9-12%
Does Anaerobic training improve ATP production ability?
It improves Glycolytic capacity at 30 seconds, but short burst training, 6 sec., didn’t effect ATP-PCr system
True of False: The difference in VO2 max between trained runners and untrained is mostly due to genetics.
True
What are the VO2 Values?
Peak, Absolute, and Relative
What is increases Type I (slow-twitch) muscle fibers CSA?
Aerobic training
What is true of Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers?
They have > oxidative capacity in endurance trained people
What is it called when there’s an increased # of capillaries per muscle fiber?
Perfusion
What are four Central Adaptations of Capillarization?
Whole body blood distribution, total blood volume, venous return, and blood pooling
What is the “Frying Pan” analogy when referring to Mitochondria, Glucose, and Lactate?
Mitochondria = Frying Pans
Glucose (6C) = Onions
Lactate (3C) = Halved Onions
Pyruvate = Onions that have spilled out of frying pan, creating Lactic Acid
Match the following:
A) Increased Mitochondrial 1) Bigger Frying Pans
B) Increased Reticular Size 2) More Frying Pans
A = 2
B = 1
If Mitochondrial # and Size increase, what happens within the following:
A) Relative demand for ATP
B) Good O2 use/extraction creates what?
C) Mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity
D) Glycogen use/Lactate Ra
E) B-oxidation/Efficiency
F)Glycogen granules/Triglyceride vacuoles
G) GLUT-4 Glucose Uptake
A) Less relative demand
B) Increase in a-v O2 difference
C) Increased activity
D) Glycogen use & Lactate Ra = Decrease
E) B-oxidation & Efficiency = Increase
F) Granules/Vacuoles = Increase
G) Improves GLUT-4 Uptake
Trained athletes have what advantages during exercise?
More O2 in muscles
Higher LT
More Mitochondria
Bohr effect results in what?
Greater unloading of O2 at muscles and an increase in Myoglobin content with training.
What is affected by the following peripheral adaptations: A) Muscle size B) Enzyme concentration/activity C) Capillary density/perfusion D) Mitochondrial mass E) O2 content of blood F) LT G) VO2 max
A) Hypertrophy to primarily Type I fibers, Type II take on Type 1 characteristics
B) Local metabolism
C) Blood flow
D) Metabolic efficiency (15-30%)
E) RBC + Hb/Mb
F) Increased VO2 max as a %, shifts to right on graph
G) Increases
What is the key to training?
Improving VO2 Max
