Aerobic Metabolism Energy System (System 3)

Question 1

True or False: Humans store very much O2 in the body.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The amount of O2 consumed is ____________ to the amount of ATP utilized.

Answer 2

Proportional

Question 3

Is caloric expenditure direct/indirect?

Answer 3

Indirect

Question 4

What can be said about exercise intensity and pulmonary ventilation as pulmonary function increases?

Answer 4

Both increase

Question 5

What can be said about PaO2 (arterial oxygen pressure) and intracellular pressure as exercise increases?

Answer 5

Both decrease

Question 6

What can be said about PvO2 (venous O2 content) as O2 is used in the muscle?

Answer 6

PvO2 falls in proportion

Question 7

What is Muscle Oxidative Capacity?

Answer 7

The ability to oxidize fuel from O2

Question 8

What is Muscle Oxidative Capacity directly proportional to?

Answer 8

Krebs Cycle enzyme activity

Question 9

What is the key in Muscle Oxidative Capacity?

Answer 9

O2 use & the given enzyme being activated

Question 10

What can be said about the following with oxygen supply & exercise in relation to pressure within the muscles regarding:
A) Mitochondria
B) PO2 @ low/moderate exercise intensity
C) PO2 @ 50% exercise intensity
D) Aerobic/Anaerobic

Answer 10

A) Require minimal O2 pressure above 1 tarr to maintain full function.

B) Falls dramatically

C) Stays relatively stable above 3 tarr

D) Never completely anaerobic

Question 11

System 3a is also referred to as:

Answer 11

Krebs Cycle

Question 12

Describe what happens during the Krebs Cycle.

Answer 12

H+ released, converting Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
Enzyme cascade for complete oxidation of Acetyl-CoA
Combines with coenzymes
H+ are “shuttled” to e- Transport Chain for ATP production

Question 13

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Answer 13

In the Mitochondria

Question 14

What two sources of energy are needed to convert Acetyl-CoA into ATP?

Answer 14

Fats & Carbs

Question 15

True or False: All CO2 you make comes before you make O2.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

For every three H+ that go through the e- Transport Chain, how many ATP are made?

Answer 16

1 ATP

Question 17

How many additional H+ are used to transport ATP?

Answer 17

1 H+

Question 18

Describe Oxidative Phosphoylation.

Answer 18

Starts In Cytosol:
Glycogensis breaks 6C molecule CHO (Glycogen) into Glucose-6-Phosphate
Glucose-6-Phosphate breaks down via Glycolysis and produces 3 ATP/moves H+ to e- Transport Chain

Within the Mitochondria:
After Glycolysis, 3C remain and create Pyruvic Acid which converts to Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA moves H+ to e- Transport Chain
Acetyl-CoA goes through the Krebs Cycle and produces 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle also produces one CO2 and one H+ moved to e- Transport Chain

e- Transport Chain:
The “shuttled” H+ enter inner Mitochondrial membrane, split into e- that combine with O2 to form H20
e- create a total of 34 ATP

Question 19

What compound is the final e- acceptor?

Answer 19

Oxygen

Question 20

What does ROS stand for?

Answer 20

Reactive Oxygen Specie

Question 21

What does the “proton shuttling” in the e- Transport Chain?

Answer 21

Mitochondria Membrane

Question 22

In the e- Transport Chain, what are pumped through the respiratory complexes I, III, and VI?

Answer 22

Protons

Question 23

What is the result of proton shuttling?

Answer 23

An electrochemical proton gradient across inner membrane

Question 24

What does UCP stand for, and do they generate ATP or regulate physiological processes?

Answer 24

UCP = Proton Leak Pathways; Regulate physiological process such as nonshivering thermogenisis

Question 25

During oxidation of carbohydrates, describe what happens to each of the following:
A) Glycogen
B) Glucose
C) # of ATP utilized to transport protons
D) # of ATP yield

Answer 25

A) Glycogen can generate 39 ATP molecules

B) Glucose gives 38 ATP during conversion to Glucose-6-Phosphate
C) 6 ATP to transport protons

D) 32 Total ATP yield

Question 26

How many kcal’s of energy are released during:
A) Hydrolysis releasing 1 ATP
B) Aerobic Metabolism of 1 Glucose molecule fully metabolized

Answer 26

A) 7.3 kcal of energy

B) 686 kcal of energy