Fat & Protein Metabolism

Question 1

Explain the process of Fat Metabolism.

Answer 1

Glycolysis preps O2 for Mitochondria.
Lipolysis breaks down Fat via enzymes & releases it into the blood
Blood sends Glycerol to the Liver.
Glucogenesis gets Fat out of Liver and into the muscle to be oxidized.
Beta (B)-Oxidation to Fat occurs.

Question 2

Is Lipolysis a fast/slow process, and what happens after several minutes of exercise regarding Fat Metabolism?

Answer 2

Slow; Fat Metabolism increases

Question 3

What does B (Beta)-Oxidation stand for?

Answer 3

Fat Metabolism

Question 4

Where does B-Oxidation take place and what does it do with the FFA from the Cytosol?

Answer 4

Takes place in the Mitochondria; Activates the 16C molecule FFA from Mitochondrial Membrane & turns it into Acetyl-CoA so that it can go through B-Oxidation.

Question 5

Mitochondrial Metabolism happens in which energy system?

Answer 5

System 2

Question 6

Burning of Fat occurs only where and what does it require?

Answer 6

In the Mitochondria; It requires more O2 and time to “burn” fat

Question 7

Which generates significantly more ATP, a Glucose molecule of a Fat molecule?

Answer 7

Fat Molecule

Question 8

How soon is Liver Glycogen depleted during starvation?

Answer 8

1 day

Question 9

During starvation, fasting, & Diabetes, FA metabolism in the liver produces ________, which are taken up by the muscle & brain and oxidized as _______

Answer 9

Ketones; fuel

Question 10

Are the body’s Proteins & Amino Acids static compounds?

Answer 10

No, they are not

Question 11

What are Proteins combinations of and how many of these make-up proteins?

Answer 11

Amino Acids; 20

Question 12

What are the prime 6 Amino Acids used in Proteins?

Answer 12

Asparagine
Apartate
Glutamate
Isoleucine
Leucine
Valine

Question 13

Glucose-Alanine Cycle removes what element?

Answer 13

Nitrogen

Question 14

True or False: Protein can be metabolized to fuel.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Conversion of NH4+ to Urea for excretion. What is consumed during this process and what does it do?

Answer 15

HCO (Bicarbonate); it acts as a buffering of H+

Question 16

What is the Metabolic Pathway for Fats?

Answer 16

Fatty acids + Glycerol –(Lipolysis)–> B-Oxidation in Mitochondria –(converts to)–> Acetyl-CoA –> TCA Cycle ==> ETC (O2 is final e- acceptor makes H20)

Question 17

What is the Metabolic Pathway for Carbs?

Answer 17

Glucose/Glycogen –(Glycolysis)–> Pyruvate in Mitochondria –(converts to)–> Lactate or Acetyl-CoA –> TCA Cycle ==> ETC (O2 is final e- acceptor makes H20)

Question 18

What is the Metabolic Pathway for Proteins?

Answer 18

Amino Acids –(Deamination or Transamination)–> Either NH4+, Acetyl-CoA, or to TCA Cycle –> ETC (O2 is final e- acceptor makes H2O)