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Kin 210 > Fatigue and recovery > Flashcards

Fatigue and recovery Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypothesis depletion in fatigue?

A
  • fatigue that results in a decrease in certain metabolites like, ATP, phosphocreatine, and glycogen.
  • muscle fibers are no longer able to produce force
  • Per depletes to 15%
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2
Q

what is accumulation hypothesis?

A
  • this is fatigue that is caused by certain metabolites that are known to impair force generation within muscle.
  • specific ions that affect accumulation hypothesis are, lactate, H+, ammonia, phosphate.
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3
Q

what are the 2 sites of fatigue?

A
  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system
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4
Q

what are proposed mechanisms that the CNS would sow during fatigue?

A
  • malfunction of neurons
  • inhibition of voluntary motor control
  • psychological factors
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5
Q

what are 3 site where fatigue would occur in the PNS?

A
  • NMJ
  • T tubule/SR
  • contractile elements
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6
Q

what are proposed mechanisms that would be affected durning peripheral nervous system fatigue?

A

NMJ
- inhibition of axon terminal
- depletion of neurotransmitter

T tubules/ SR
- inability to release Ca2+
- inability of Ca2+ to bind to troponin because tropomyosin is not removed

contractile elements
- depletion of ATP, PC, GLYCOGEN
- accumulation of lactate, H+, PO4-, Pi

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7
Q

what are characteristics of slow oxidative fibers? type 1

A
  • these fibers have lots of energy
  • they are aerobic
    -glucose and glycogen are the fuel source
  • fatigue resistance, with long duration
  • lots of mitochondria
  • rely on ATP production
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8
Q

what are characteristics of fast oxidative glycolytic fibers? type 2a

A
  • these are intermediate fibers.
  • they can be trained to behave like type 1 S.O. or type 2b FOG
  • aerobic and anaerobic
  • takes place around 1-3 minutes
  • fast contraction
  • moderate mitochondria production
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9
Q

what are characteristics of fast glycolytic fibers? type 2b

A
  • lots of power
  • not fatigue resistance
  • low mitochondria production
  • low myoglobin (O2 blood)
    is used primarily anaerobicly
  • glycolysis is inhibited if H+ are increased.
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10
Q

if glycogen/ glucose depletion happens then what systems get affected?

A
  • decrease in muscle glycogen which affects glycolysis, pyruvate, A.CoA, NADH and FADH2 which will affect ATP production and the ETC
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11
Q

which molecules play a role in metabolite accumulation?

A
  • increase in hydrogen
  • increase in Ca2+
  • increase in inorganic phosphate (PO4-)
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12
Q

what affect does the increase of Ca2+ have with metabolite accumulation?

A
  • during eccentric work is affected bc of the Ca2+ that is released.
  • interferes with the ECT, (which will affect how the cycle works and ATP produced)
  • there will be a increase in muscle protease (breakdown) and phospholipase (breakdown of fat)
  • When Ca2+ is stimulated then LDH and ICD enzymes are affected and don’t work the same.
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13
Q

during metabolite accumulation which enzymes would be affected if there is a shift in pH?

A
  • pepsin
  • salivary amylase
  • alkine phosphatase
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14
Q

during accumulation of Pi (inorganic phosphate) what is decreased and increased?

A

decreased is
- Ca2+ release at the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Ca2+ binding at troponin, as a result we don’t have as many cross bridges forming so our contraction work is affected.

increase is
- # weakly bound x-bridges

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15
Q

the hypothalamus may control CNS and motor unit recruitment, what are possible exertions heat illnesses it may affect?

A
  • heat cramps
  • heat exhaustion
  • heat stroke
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16
Q

how does free radical accumulation work?

A
  • highly reactive substances that disturb chemical reaction.
  • free radicals can damage proteins and lipids which as a result can allow for dysfunction and fatigue to occur.
17
Q

what are other fatigue factors?

A
  1. impaired oxygen delivery
    - high aerobic intensity, pollution, altitude
  2. desaturation of hemoglobin
    - decrease in arterial saturation (hypoxaemia)
    - decrease aerobic metabolism which will increase reliance on anaerobic metabolism, which will increase H+ and fatigue.
18
Q

what are the two types of neural fatigue? and how do they work?

LOTS OF INFO

A
  1. central nervous system
    - there is a decrease in blood glucose, which impairs mood state & CNS drive.
    - there is a decrease in transport of tryptophan (neurotransmitter) across BBB (blood brain barrier) which will decrease serotonin.
    - increase in plasma H+ (may also impair CNS drive)
  2. peripheral nervous system
    - there needs to be diffusion at acetylcholine at the motor end plate, if this does not happen then Ca2+ is not released, which causes a decrease in muscle membrane excitability.
19
Q

8 factors that influence fatigue?

A
  • environmental
  • hydration
  • nutrition
  • trained state
  • muscle fiber type
  • EQM, TECH, CLOTHING
  • efficency and form
  • psychological
20
Q

what is EPOC?

A
  • excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
  • helps us keep and maintain our O2 levels elevated after exercise.
  • this also helps us with production of ATP.
21
Q

define
1. O2 deficit
2. exercise VO2
3. recovery VO2

A
  1. the period of time at the start of exercise in which aerobic metabolism is adjusting to meet metabolic demands.
  2. requirement of oxygen for the exercise. during more intense exercise we need a longer recovery because we have used more O2 and therefore need that time to allow it to regenerate.
  3. requirement of metabolism during recovery from exercise.
22
Q

which energy systems are used during exercise and recovery VO2?

A
  • ATP-PC
  • GLYCOLYSIS
  • STORE EPOC
23
Q

during sub maximal and supramaximal exercise what would we notice in terms of recovery and oxygen?

A

submaximal
- we are not working to our max, so therefore we put less stress on the body and use less oxygen, we may not need as long to recover from the oxygen we’ve because of the lower intensity.

supramaximal
- we are going above our max work load, we have a great stress on the body and therefore rely on more oxygen, so we need more oxygen in order to recover, which may take longer to regenerate.
- we are O2 deficit for a longer period of time.

24
Q

explain the 2 phases of EPOC?

A

phase 1 (fast component)
- this takes place from about the 1-3 minute mark during sub maximal exercise.

Phase 2 (slow component)
- during max or supramax activity it can take anywhere from 3 min to several hours to recover because of how much stress has been put on the body, and the amount of O2 deficit.

25
Q

what are the fast recovery causes of EPOC?

A
  • restoration of intramuscular PCr
  • restoration of O2 stores (hemoglobin and myoglobin)
  • elevated cardiorespiratory function
26
Q

what are the slow recovery causes of EPOC?

A
  • lactate removal, oxidation. because there is a hydrogen ion increase.
  • substrate shift from CHO to fat during recovery.
  • elevated hormonal levels
    hormones take time to increase and decrease speed and how effectively they work.
  • effect of increased body tempeture and heat dissipation
  • elevated cardiorespiratory function.
27
Q

how does ATP/PCr recovery work?

A
  • the ATP/PCr system is the first to be depleted but also the first to recover from the energy used.
  • it takes 20-30 seconds to recover 50% of the energy and 2-8 minutes for full recovery.
  • it recovers quick because it uses the creatine kinase system.
  • energy from aerobic metabolism is used to replenish ATP and PCr.
  • it is also best if we do active recovery because it keeps blood moving and oxygen coming into our body. without blood flow we do not recover because we are not using ATP resynthesis.

Kin 210 (12 decks)

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